What’s good for the goose is not good for the gander: Age and gender differences in scanning emotion faces

Sullivan, Susan; Campbell, Anna; Hutton, Samuel B.; Ruffman, Ted

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv033

Cited by 60 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This performance difference may be due to differences in attentional scanning patterns, with women attending more to the eye region and men attending more to the mouth region [49]. Similarly, some studies have found a general positive association between cognitive ability and older adults’ emotion perception skill [50, 51].…”

Section: Emotion Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Isaacowitz

Livingstone

Castro

2017

Current Opinion in Psychology

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Whereas some theories suggest that emotion-related processes become more positive with age, recent empirical findings on affective experience, emotion regulation, and emotion perception depict a more nuanced picture. Though there is some evidence for positive age trajectories in affective experience, results are mixed for emotion regulation and largely negative for emotion perception. Thus, current findings suggest that the effects of age on emotion vary across different affective domains; age patterns are also influenced by different moderators, including contextual factors and individual differences.

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Section: Emotion Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Isaacowitz

Livingstone

Castro

2017

Current Opinion in Psychology

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“…Gender di erences in gaze pa erns during emotional face processing have been observed by prior works [42,49] using high-end eye trackers. In this work, we used the low-cost Eyetribe device with 30Hz sampling rate to synchronously record eye movements along with the EEG signals, and compare male and female eye movement pa erns.…”

Section: Eye-tracking Analysismentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Many studies have also identi ed gender di erences during facial emotion processing. Females are generally found to be be er at ER than males, irrespective of age [49]. Other studies examining the role of facial movements in ER [6,14,32] also note that females recognize facial emotions more accurately than males, even when only partial information is available.…”

Section: Gender DI Erences In Emotion Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gender and emotion recognition with implicit user signals

Bilalpur

Kia

Chawla

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction

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We examine the utility of implicit user behavioral signals captured using low-cost, o -the-shelf devices for anonymous gender and emotion recognition. A user study designed to examine male and female sensitivity to facial emotions con rms that females recognize (especially negative) emotions quicker and more accurately than men, mirroring prior ndings. Implicit viewer responses in the form of EEG brain signals and eye movements are then examined for existence of (a) emotion and gender-speci c pa erns from event-related potentials (ERPs) and xation distributions and (b) emotion and gender discriminability. Experiments reveal that (i) Gender and emotion-speci c di erences are observable from ERPs, (ii) multiple similarities exist between explicit responses gathered from users and their implicit behavioral signals, and (iii) Signicantly above-chance (≈70%) gender recognition is achievable on comparing emotion-speci c EEG responses-gender di erences are encoded best for anger and disgust. Also, fairly modest valence (positive vs negative emotion) recognition is achieved with EEG and eye-based features.

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“…Firstly, our results show age-related differences in EFE processing, where young adults exhibited the expected increased responsiveness to emotional stimuli relative to neutral stimuli (Perry, Troje, & Bentin, 2010) as opposed to aging individuals whose mu rhythm response did not discriminate between neutral and emotional stimuli. Given that decoding and processing of emotional stimuli through mu rhythm have been linked to empathic skill (Moore, et al, 2012;Yang, et al, 2009), it would stand to reason that the suppressed mu rhythm response found in aging adults could at least partly underlie age-related changes in empathy (Isaacowitz and Stanley, 2011;Ruffman, Henry, Livingstone, & Phillips, 2008;Sullivan, Campbell, Hutton, & Ruffman, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age and sex on neurophysiological substrates of empathy: a cross-sectional EEG study

Guay¹,

Héroux²,

Joubert³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Although empathy is an indispensable competence to social adaptation throughout the lifespan, it has been mostly studied with subjective, questionnaire-based measures in the context of healthy aging. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides an objective measure to investigate underlying neurophysiological processes related to empathy through mu rhythm. The current study used empathy-related mu rhythm during the observation of emotional facial expressions (EFE) in addition to the Empathy Quotient questionnaire in order to explore age-related changes of empathy across sexes. A total of 65 participants, including 33 young adults and 32 seniors, took part in this study. They were instructed to observe as well as to try experiencing emotional facial expressions (joy, fear, neutral) depicted on short video clips during which continuous EEG was recorded. They also completed the Empathy Quotient (EQ) questionnaire. Young adults reacted more strongly to emotional EFEs. Seniors perceived themselves as less empathic and exhibited an equivalent neurophysiological response to emotional and neutral stimuli. A significant sex effect in favour of females was found on mu rhythm modulation. Mu rhythm appears to be an age and sex sensitive neurophysiological marker linked to empathy and could therefore serve as an objective measure of empathy.

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What’s good for the goose is not good for the gander: Age and gender differences in scanning emotion faces

Abstract: The findings are discussed in relation to a growing body of research suggesting both age and gender differences in response to emotional stimuli and the differential efficacy of mouth and eyes looking for men and women.

Cited by 60 publications

References 37 publications

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Aging and emotions: experience, regulation, and perception

Gender and emotion recognition with implicit user signals

Effects of age and sex on neurophysiological substrates of empathy: a cross-sectional EEG study

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