underlying lattices, having less than a 2% lattice mismatch. [21] Specifically, combining nanotubes and 2D layers of these two different materials could allow for very different shapes of these constituents to be interfaced while still maintaining nearly the same underlying lattice motif. This could help achieve one of the fascinating aspects of toy lego construction, where very different shapes are snapped together using a common underlying lattice motif. Moreover, recent theory [22] and experiments [23,24] show that hBN could be an excellent substrate for increasing the performance of CNT devices. The integrated growth of mixed low-dimensional materials with different dimensionalities could represent an attractive avenue for precisely obtaining these potentially useful integrated systems. For the case of all 2D interfacial systems, the growth of graphene on layered hBN that has developed over the last several years [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] has progressed to the point where epitaxially grown systems [35,36] rival the performance of interfaces fabricated through mechanical transfer. [37] The development in growth of dissimilar low-dimensional systems with mixed dimensionality could likewise greatly improve the reliability and ease with which to precisely synthesize these integrated systems. Moreover, the integrated growth with mixed dimensionality could provide avenues of achieving systems that are not possible through exfoliation and transfer-techniques that are generally restricted to layered 2D materials.Here, we show the aligned growth of 1D CNTs on layered hBN substrates. Raman scattering, scanning probe, and nanomanipulation experiments indicate that CNTs are grown on the surface of the hBN under van der Waals (vdW) interactions and are preferentially aligned along certain crystal directions. Furthermore, electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) measurements and local nanoscale transport measurements show that the CNTs conduct electrical current, in contrast to the surrounding insulating hBN substrate. These results represent an aligned growth of vdW-coupled dissimilar materials having different dimensionalities, which provides a possible avenue to achieve oriented nanoscale circuitry on a high-quality insulating hBN substrate.
Results and DiscussionTo grow the aligned CNTs we begin by depositing Ni catalyst onto clean exfoliated hBN flakes placed on SiO 2 substrates (see the Experimental Section for details). Using a 1 in. tube-furnace 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are grown on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) surfaces. The nanotubes show clear preference to align to specific crystal directions of the hBN substrate. Raman spectra confirm that the nanotubes consist of sp 2 carbon, while nanomanipulation shows that they are van der Waals coupled to the underlying hBN substrate. Scanning conductance and electric force microscopy show that the CNTs have significantly greater electrical conductance compared to the hBN. This integrated aligned growth of materials with similar lattices, yet having dissi...