What should we do about student use of cognitive enhancers? An analysis of current evidence

Ragan, C I; Bárd, Imre; Singh, Ilina

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.016

Cited by 125 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Pero aunque la información es limitada, indica un uso bastante común comparable con la evidencia internacional (6,7). Entre 1997 2 Como definición de trabajo y de un modo corriente entiendo como "mejoramiento cognitivo" (cognitive enhancement) intervenciones que aspiran a mejorar el funcionamiento mental (memoria, foco, resolución de problemas, incremento de la energía, disminución de la necesidad de descanso, etc.…”

Section: Uso De Metilfenidato Y Modafinilo Entre Estudiantesunclassified

“…dislexia en una sociedad agraria preindustrial). Y en toda sociedad moderna que premia el esfuerzo hay habilidades naturales cuyo nivel de presencia o ausencia se correlaciona con probabilidades crecientes de éxito o fracaso 7 . Por ejemplo, hay enfermedades que al debilitar la mente y el cuerpo afectan esas habilidades e impiden que los individuos sean competidores normales por ventajas (Chorea Huntington, Tay-Sach, Alzheimer, fibrosis cística, etc.).…”

Section: Intervenciones Genéticas Y Mcfunclassified

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Metilfenidato y modafinilo: justicia igualitaria y políticas de acceso al mejoramiento cognitivo farmacológico

Loewe

2017

Acta bioeth.

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Resumen: El artículo investiga criterios de acceso a tecnologías de mejoramiento cognitivo farmacológico, especialmente modafinilo y metilfenidato, en caso de adultos sanos. Desde la perspectiva de la justicia igualitaria, tomando como referencia la teoría de justicia de Rawls, se argumenta a favor de una política de acceso libre mediante mecanismos de mercado, pero facilitado en caso de los peor situados de la sociedad.Palabras clave: justicia igualitaria, igualdad de oportunidades, mejoramiento cognitivo farmacológico, metilfenidato, modafinilo Methylphenidate and Modafinil: egalitarian justice and policies of access to pharmacological cognitive enhancement Abstract: The article addresses criteria for access to pharmacological cognitive enhancement technologies, especially modafinil and methylphenidate, to healthy adults. From the perspective of equalitarian justice and taking as point of reference Rawls' theory of justice it argues in favor of a policy of open market access, but facilitated for the worst-off.

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Section: Uso De Metilfenidato Y Modafinilo Entre Estudiantesunclassified

Section: Intervenciones Genéticas Y Mcfunclassified

Metilfenidato y modafinilo: justicia igualitaria y políticas de acceso al mejoramiento cognitivo farmacológico

Loewe

2017

Acta bioeth.

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“…We also observed that in your last papers you are more preoccupied to explore the role of medical professionals (especially paediatrics) concerning the ADHD context [8][9][10] . In your former papers, like A framing for understanding trends … 1 , you say, for example, "I examine social, cultural and political aspects of this context in order to illustrate the layered complexities that reveal themselves when considering the school as a mediating context for US ADHD diagnoses and treatment strategies.…”

Section: Brief Background About Adhd In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

TDAH, educação e cultura: uma entrevista com Ilina Singh (Parte 1)

Santos

Freitas

2016

Interface (Botucatu)

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“…Although previous studies have examined the demographics, motivations, and attitudes of those who utilize cognitive enhancement drugs (e.g., Eickenhorst et al 2012;Ragan et al 2013;Forlini et al 2014;Ott and Biller-Andorno 2014;Vargo and Petróczi 2016;Riddell et al 2017), there is little data to-date on similar measures for those who utilize brain stimulation devices marketed for cognitive enhancement. In addition, while many studies on the use of cognitive enhancement drugs have focused on local populations, often comprised of university students, the methodology employed here allowed for the examination of a unique sample that cut across a wide array of ages and geographical locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Uses Direct-to-Consumer Brain Stimulation Products, and Why? A Study of Home Users of tDCS Devices

Wexler

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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Despite the attention garnered by the home (or Bdo-it-yourself^) use of tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation), little is known about the population of actual users. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive examination of those who purchase tDCS devices: who they are, how they learn about tDCS, and why and how they stimulate. A link to an online survey was sent to those who had purchased a tDCS device from seven different companies selling tDCS devices to the public as of June 2016; data was analyzed from 339 participants, the majority of whom reported residing in North America. The typical respondent was a wealthy, highly educated, liberal, fortysomething male living in the USA who reported being an early adopter of technology. Nearly three quarters of respondents reported using tDCS for cognitive enhancement, one-quarter for restoration, and approximately 40% for treatment; many participants selected a combination of usage indications. Notably, approximately one third of participants utilize tDCS to self-treat depression. Most who use tDCS for treatment find the technology to be effective, whereas most who use it for non-treatment purposes (i.e., only enhancement and/or restoration) find it to be ineffective. Approximately 40% of those who purchase tDCS devices either quit using the device (mostly due to lack of efficacy) or have never used the device (mostly due to lack of guidance). Participants depart from established scientific protocol particularly with regard to frequency of stimulation, with 8.4% reporting self-administering 100+ sessions of tDCS. With regard to side effects, a small subset of users (n = 10) reported serious skin burns. This study provides an empirical foundation on which to base policy recommendations and offers a fact-based perspective on a bioethical debate that has too-often been one step removed from reality.

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What should we do about student use of cognitive enhancers? An analysis of current evidence

Cited by 125 publications

References 51 publications

Metilfenidato y modafinilo: justicia igualitaria y políticas de acceso al mejoramiento cognitivo farmacológico

Metilfenidato y modafinilo: justicia igualitaria y políticas de acceso al mejoramiento cognitivo farmacológico

TDAH, educação e cultura: uma entrevista com Ilina Singh (Parte 1)

Who Uses Direct-to-Consumer Brain Stimulation Products, and Why? A Study of Home Users of tDCS Devices

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