1999
DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.91.4.720
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What the teacher's hands tell the student's mind about math.

Abstract: Does nonverbal behavior contribute to cognitive as well as affective components of teaching? We examine here one type of nonverbal behavior: spontaneous gestures that accompany talk. Eight teachers were asked to instruct 49 children individually on mathematical equivalence as it applies to addition. All teachers used gesture to convey problem-solving strategies. The gestured strategies either reinforced (matched) or differed from (mismatched) strategies conveyed in speech. Children were more likely to reiterat… Show more

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Cited by 204 publications
(151 citation statements)
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“…Sign languages share many characteristics with spoken languages: signs are conventionalized, symbolic and produced in hierarchical combinations (Goldin Meadow, 2003;McNeill, 1992). They also clearly differ from spoken languages, since hand movements are used to communicate a message.…”
Section: Sign Languagementioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Sign languages share many characteristics with spoken languages: signs are conventionalized, symbolic and produced in hierarchical combinations (Goldin Meadow, 2003;McNeill, 1992). They also clearly differ from spoken languages, since hand movements are used to communicate a message.…”
Section: Sign Languagementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Co-speech gestures and spoken language spontaneously occur together and both influence the understanding of a speaker's message (e.g. Goldin Meadow, 2003;Goldin Meadow, Kim, & Singer, 1999;Goldin Meadow & Momeni Sandhofer, 1999;McNeill, Cassell, & McCullough, 1994;Singer & Goldin Meadow, 2005). This strong coupling between gestures and speech has even led some to hypothesize that they belong to one integrated system of communication (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Children are more likely to repeat the speech of a teacher if a matching gesture accompanies the speech when compared to the same speech without a gesture, but less likely with a mis-matched gesture compared to no gesture [43,45]. This basic recall is a first step towards learning.…”
Section: Gesturesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Broad studies have been conducted regarding how instructor gestures influence the learning process. Math and science teachers frequently use their hands to depict information [2], [3], [4], [5]. Gesture in instruction has been shown to increase learning of a wide variety of mathematical concepts, including mathematical equivalence [6], [7], [8].…”
Section: Prior Workmentioning
confidence: 99%