What to expect from a greater geographic dispersion of wind farms?—A risk portfolio approach

Drake, Ben; Hubacek, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.01.026

Cited by 71 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Technological solutions for balancing variability-such as excess reserve generation capacity, fast generators, and battery storage-are expensive (19) and are significant barriers to economies with limited access to capital. Strategic spatial diversification of sites is an alternative, potentially more cost-effective strategy for managing variability (20)(21)(22)(23)(24); however, no study has examined the grid value of geographic diversification in large regions of Africa.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic siting and regional grid interconnections key to low-carbon futures in African countries

Deshmukh

Ndhlukula

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recent forecasts suggest that African countries must triple their current electricity generation by 2030. Our multicriteria assessment of wind and solar potential for large regions of Africa shows how economically competitive and low-environmentalimpact renewable resources can significantly contribute to meeting this demand. We created the Multicriteria Analysis for Planning Renewable Energy (MapRE) framework to map and characterize solar and wind energy zones in 21 countries in the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) and the Eastern Africa Power Pool (EAPP) and find that potential is several times greater than demand in many countries. Significant fractions of demand can be quickly served with "no-regrets" options-or zones that are low-cost, low-environmental impact, and highly accessible. Because no-regrets options are spatially heterogeneous, international interconnections are necessary to help achieve low-carbon development for the region as a whole, and interconnections that support the best renewable options may differ from those planned for hydropower expansion. Additionally, interconnections and selecting wind sites to match demand reduce the need for SAPP-wide conventional generation capacity by 9.5% in a high-wind scenario, resulting in a 6-20% cost savings, depending on the avoided conventional technology. Strategic selection of low-impact and accessible zones is more cost effective with interconnections compared with solutions without interconnections. Overall results are robust to multiple load growth scenarios. Together, results show that multicriteria site selection and deliberate planning of interconnections may significantly increase the economic and environmental competitiveness of renewable alternatives relative to conventional generation. Africa | energy policy | interconnections | renewable energy | siting A s a region, Africa has the lowest per capita electricity consumption in the world, due in large part to lack of generation and transmission infrastructure development at both the national and regional levels (1). However, the average cost of electricity in most African countries is at least twice that of other developing countries (1). For the region to successfully meet goals to increase affordable electricity access and reduce demand curtailment, electricity generation will need to grow exponentially. By some estimates, demand in the Eastern Africa Power Pool (EAPP) and Southern African Power Pool (SAPP), which encompass more than 50% of the continent's population, may collectively exceed 1,000 TWh by 2030, nearly triple their electricity consumption in 2010 (2, 3).To meet energy goals, decision makers are looking to fossil fuel and hydropower as familiar and undertapped resources (1-3). With the insecurity and high costs of fossil fuels, the planning paradigm has become increasingly hydropower centric (1-3). Yet climate vulnerability (4), international cooperation barriers and transboundary water rights issues, large cost overruns (5), and high socio-environmental impacts (6) plague th...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic siting and regional grid interconnections key to low-carbon futures in African countries

Deshmukh

Ndhlukula

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…It has a long history going back to Kahn (1979) The energy produced varies from nearly 70% to 1% of the installed capacity (data is provided by the four German transmission system operators 50Hz, Amprion, EnBw and Transpower). Milligan and Porter (2005), and Drake and Hubacek (2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial dependence in wind and optimal wind power allocation: A copula-based analysis

Grothe

Schnieders

2011

Energy Policy

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThe investment decision on the placement of wind turbines is, neglecting legal formalities, mainly driven by the aim to maximize the expected annual energy production of single turbines. The result is a concentration of wind farms at locations with high average wind speed. While this strategy may be optimal for single investors maximizing their own return on investment, the resulting overall allocation of wind turbines may be unfavorable for energy suppliers and the economy because of large fluctuations in the overall wind power output. This paper investigates to what extent optimal allocation of wind farms in Germany can reduce these fluctuations. We analyze stochastic dependencies of wind speed for a large data set of German on-and offshore weather stations and find that these dependencies turn out to be highly nonlinear but constant over time. Using copula theory we determine the value at risk of energy production for given allocation sets of wind farms and derive optimal allocation plans. We find that the optimized allocation of wind farms may substantially stabilize the overall wind energy supply on daily as well as hourly frequency.

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“…This can be caused due to man's failure to achieve control over the chemical, physical or biological consequence or side effects of his scientific industrial and social habit (Drake and Hubacek, 2007). Industrial source of pollution is as a result of release of hazardous waste and huge mass of unclear gases and other airborne particles produced as by-products in process industries (Odigure, 1998).…”

Section: Oil Exploitation and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Exploration and Climate Change: A Case Study of Heat Radiation from Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria

Abdulkareem¹,

Afolabi²,

Abdulfatai³

et al. 2012

Sustainable Development - Authoritative and Leading Edge Content for Environmental Management

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What to expect from a greater geographic dispersion of wind farms?—A risk portfolio approach

Cited by 71 publications

References 8 publications

Strategic siting and regional grid interconnections key to low-carbon futures in African countries

Strategic siting and regional grid interconnections key to low-carbon futures in African countries

Spatial dependence in wind and optimal wind power allocation: A copula-based analysis

Oil Exploration and Climate Change: A Case Study of Heat Radiation from Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria

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