Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with bifidogenic properties abolishes metabolic disorders induced by western diet in mice

Abstract

BackgroundNon-digestible carbohydrates present in cereals such as fructans and arabinoxylans represent promising prebiotic nutrients to prevent the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The aim of this study was to determine the corrective effects of wheat bran-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides in obese mice fed a western diet (WD). WD was given for 4 weeks before wheat bran extract (WBE) supplementation (5%) for an additional 4 weeks, whereas a control group received the standard diet.ResultsBifidogenic effect of WBE was evidenced by an induction of both Bifidobacterium animalis and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in the caecal content. WBE supplementation normalised WD-induced fat-mass expansion, steatosis, hypercholesterolemia, hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia reaching the values of control mice. The reduced glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) release observed in WD + WBE mice may be a protective mechanism in terms of reducing adipose tissue storage, hepatic steatosis and glucose homoeostasis.ConclusionWe found that WBE completely abolished WD-induced metabolic disorders. Those results might be useful to take into account nutritional advices to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and fatty liver diseases when obesity was already established.

Dietary Fiber from Oat and Rye Brans Ameliorate Western Diet–Induced Body Weight Gain and Hepatic Inflammation by the Modulation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids, Bile Acids, and Tryptophan Metabolism

“…The positive effects of fiber on body weight gain have been reported previously in human studies and in rodents, where the improvements were associated with intestinal integrity and hepatic and systemic inflammation. [32][33][34] We speculated that the improvements in our study could be mediated through the restored production of SCFAs by gut microbiota acting on the fibers, as we observed significant changes in SCFA levels in response to oat and rye supplementation. Indeed, it has been suggested that SCFAs may induce or promote body weight reduction acting via specific SCFA receptors, GPR43, and GPR41.…”

Nutritional interest of dietary fiber and prebiotics in obesity: Lessons from the MyNewGut consortium

“…The latter study represents an approach in which AXOS is administered together in an enriched-fat diet to test its preventive effects [76]. Besides, recently, AXOS has shown beneficial effects when administered after the pre-treatment of 4 weeks with an obesogenic diet [79]. In the MyNewGut project, we have explored the potential synergic or complementary effects of different DF utilized by indigenous intestinal human bacteria that can constitute the next generation of probiotics.…”

Active phase prebiotic feeding alters gut microbiota, induces weight-independent alleviation of hepatic steatosis and serum cholesterol in high-fat diet-fed mice

“…Previous studies have shown prebiotic-induced alleviation of NAFLD is dependent on achieving successful weight loss [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] . In contrast, in the current study we show that prebiotic consumption can improve hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed mice irrespective of weight loss which suggests that the prebiotics induced alterations in the gut microbiota might directly impact liver lipid metabolism via the gut-liver axis.…”

“…In another study, fructo-oligosaccharides supplementation reduced the accumulation of hepatic triglyceride by modulating the gut microbiota, increasing fatty acid oxidation and glucagon-like peptide 1 expression [20] . A variety of prebiotics such as inulin [21] , [22] , chitin-glucan [23] , polysaccharides from fungi [24] , arabinoxylan [25] have shown to alleviate NAFLD along with reduction in body weight in HFD-fed mice possibly via production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs).…”

“…This makes it difficult to assess the contribution of prebiotic-induced alterations in the gut microbiota in the improvement in NAFLD relative to body weight regulation. Although, the studies mentioned above [19] , [20] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [21] suggest that prebiotic consumption can induce weight loss and improve NAFLD associated pathologies via modulation of the gut microbiota, the key members of the gut microbiota that may mediate the beneficial effects of prebiotics remain elusive.…”