When an Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Resolves, What Remains?

Shulman, Lisa H.; D’Agostino, Erin; Lee, Samantha; Valicenti-McDermott, Maria; Seijo, Rosa; Tulloch, Elizabeth; Meringolo, Deborah; Tarshis, Nancy

doi:10.1177/0883073819834428

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Furthermore, the diagnosis and its implications should be reasserted frequently, as parents often tend to "forget" this based also on their assumption of "maturation by age" or that they can grow out of it. According to a recent study, less than 0.5% of children lose the diagnosis of autism, with 6.5% more just losing it to another neurodevelopmental disorder [106].…”

Section: Older Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Lifelong Focused Approach

Francis¹,

Karantanos

Al-Ozairi

et al. 2021

Brain Sciences

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex highly heritable disorder, in which multiple environmental factors interact with the genes to increase its risk and lead to variable clinical presentations and outcomes. Furthermore, the inherent fundamental deficits of ASD in social attention and interaction critically diverge children from the typical pathways of learning, “creating” what we perceive as autism syndrome during the first three years of life. Later in life, training and education, the presence and management of comorbidities, as well as social and vocational support throughout the lifespan, will define the quality of life and the adaptation of an individual with ASD. Given the overall burden of ASD, prevention strategies seem like a cost-effective endeavour that we have to explore. In this paper, we take a life course approach to prevention. We will review the possibilities of the management of risk factors from preconception until the perinatal period, that of early intervention in the first three years of life and that of effective training and support from childhood until adulthood.

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Section: Older Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Lifelong Focused Approach

Francis¹,

Karantanos

Al-Ozairi

et al. 2021

Brain Sciences

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“…That being said however, other data have not been so positive with regards to loss of an autism diagnosis being linked to an improved comorbidity profile. 54 The requirement for continuing supports to be in place it seems should not be underestimated.…”

Section: Optimal Outcome and Growing Out Of Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Is Autism Inborn And Lifelong For Everyone?</p>

Whiteley¹,

Carr²,

Shattock³

2019

NDT

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Autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is described as a lifelong condition with core behavioural symptoms appearing during infancy or early childhood. Genetic and other effects occurring during the earliest times of life are thought to play a significant contributory role to the presentation of autism, denoting that autism is typically seen as an innate or inborn condition. Such descriptions have, and continue to, define autism research and clinical practice. Inspection of the existing research literature, however, suggests that within the vast heterogeneity of autism, not everyone experiences autism in such a prescribed way. Various reports have observed the presentation of “acquired autism” following a period of typical development. Other findings have documented an abatement of clinically relevant autistic features and related comorbid pathology for some. Such reports offer important insights into the heterogeneity and complexity of autism.

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“…Similarly, an American study 33 based on chart reviews of 569 children with an ASD diagnosis from age 2, who were receiving early intervention for developmental disabilities at an inner city university affiliated developmental clinic, showed 38 children's ASD was resolved by age 6.4 years. Although they exhibited cognitive gains, 92% continued to show symptoms of emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities, and 74% continued to require educational support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Surrounding the Diagnosis of Autism in Children

Hus¹,

Segal²

2021

NDT

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This comprehensive thematic review aims to highlight and familiarize readers with the challenges and pitfalls encountered in differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children to facilitate the process of accurate identification by stakeholders. Accordingly, articles that best answer our questions and highlight our concerns were chosen from well-established publishers with prime peer reviewed journals. Included are studies showing alternate views of the issues so as to point readers to other possibilities. ASD, a complex dynamic biological-neurodevelopmental disorder, is underscored by its heterogeneous symptomology, severity, and phenotypes -all characterized by social communication deficits and presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviours (RRBs), the core symptoms in ASD. Language and intellectual capacities do not form ASD core symptoms although vary considerably. Accurate identification is challenging as ASD is often enmeshed with other neurodevelopmental disorders, and medical comorbidities, a situation now recognized as the rule rather than the exception in child psychiatry and developmental medicine. ASD is a disorder with varying performance and severity of symptoms over time, including unexpected loss of early skills, and lost diagnosis in some children following treatment. The review reiterates the urgency in accurate diagnosis in face of the rapid rise in ASD prevalence globally, and risk-increase in delayed or denied treatment with undesirable life-long consequences for most of the affected children. In addition, a call for change is advised to circumvent the ethical dilemma posed by the present "deficit model" in ASD diagnosis. Here, ASD prevalence is presented first, followed by emphasis on importance of accurate early diagnosis, and challenges in its accomplishment due to flaws in diagnostic instruments and other contributing factors. Next follow the required criteria for accurate identification, and its difficulties attributed to comorbid conditions, gender differences, and socio-economic and cultural influences. The conclusion includes future directions and a take away message.

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When an Early Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Resolves, What Remains?

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Prevention in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Lifelong Focused Approach

Prevention in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Lifelong Focused Approach

<p>Is Autism Inborn And Lifelong For Everyone?</p>

Challenges Surrounding the Diagnosis of Autism in Children

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