When does the brain distinguish between genuine and ambiguous smiles? An ERP study

Calvo, Manuel G.; Hernández, Hipólito; Beltrán, David

doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2012.10.009

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This often leads to misperceptions, as is the case for smiling faces with non-happy (neutral, sad, etc.) eyes, which are frequently seen as happy, as shown by explicit judgement (Calvo, Fernández-Martín, & Nummenmaa, 2013) and ERP (Calvo, Marrero, & Beltrán, 2013) measures.…”

Section: Blended Versus Prototypical Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Furthermore, ERPs are sensitive to negatively valenced expressions (especially anger and fear) before positively valenced faces (Calvo, Marrero, & Beltrán, 2013;Frühholz, Fehr, & Herrmann, 2009;Luo et al, 2010;Rellecke, Sommer, & Schacht, 2012;Schupp et al, 2004;Williams et al, 2006;Willis et al, 2010).…”

Section: Do Affective Intensity Differences Explain Recognition Accurmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptual and affective mechanisms in facial expression recognition: An integrative review

Calvo

Nummenmaa

2015

Cognition and Emotion

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220

175

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Facial expressions of emotion involve a physical component of morphological changes in a face and an affective component conveying information about the expresser's internal feelings. It remains unresolved how much recognition and discrimination of expressions rely on the perception of morphological patterns or the processing of affective content. This review of research on the role of visual and emotional factors in expression recognition reached three major conclusions. First, behavioral, neurophysiological, and computational measures indicate that basic expressions are reliably recognized and discriminated from one another, albeit the effect may be inflated by the use of prototypical expression stimuli and forced-choice responses. Second, affective content along the dimensions of valence and arousal is extracted early from facial expressions, although this coarse affective representation contributes minimally to categorical recognition of specific expressions. Third, the physical configuration and visual saliency of facial features contribute significantly to expression recognition, with "emotionless" computational models being able to reproduce some of the basic phenomena demonstrated in human observers. We conclude that facial expression recognition, as it has been investigated in conventional laboratory tasks, depends to a greater extent on perceptual than affective information and mechanisms.

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Section: Blended Versus Prototypical Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Do Affective Intensity Differences Explain Recognition Accurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual and affective mechanisms in facial expression recognition: An integrative review

Calvo

Nummenmaa

2015

Cognition and Emotion

Self Cite

220

175

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“…In light of previous studies that have investigated the temporal course of emotional facial processing [19][20][21] , we chose three ERP components as key indices in the current study. First, N170 is a negative peak at 150-180 ms occurring over occipital-temporal regions within the right hemisphere dominance 22,23 that is very sensitive to human faces and is considered a key component in the structural encoding of faces 23,24 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit emotion regulation deficits in individuals with high schizotypal traits: an ERP study

Hoid

Pan

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Schizotypy is associated with poor emotion regulation that is thought to contribute to the development of psychotic symptoms and to indicate a predisposition to schizophrenia. Having focused primarily on the relationship between schizotypy and explicit emotion regulation, existing studies have, until now, neglected to acknowledge the potentially important role of implicit emotion regulation. Our aim in the current study was to investigate implicit emotion regulation deficits in schizotypy. To this end, we used a newly developed Priming-Identification (PI) ERP paradigm, consisting of a priming phase and an emotion identification phase, to test 30 individuals with schizotypy and 30 healthy controls while also acquiring EEG data. During the priming phase, we aimed to manipulate emotion regulation goals (i.e., to bring about an intended emotional state) by presenting a category of words related to emotion regulation alongside a category of control words. Associated brain responses occurring during the subsequent stage were indexed according to three ERP components: N170, early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP). Results showed that, in the control group, priming words associated with emotion regulation led to enhancements in the early N170 amplitude and the middle EPN during expression identification. The same pattern was not observed in the schizotypy group. In summary, our results suggest the presence of deficits in the early and middle stages of the implicit emotion regulation process among individuals with high schizotypal traits.

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“…10 They found that differential responses for happy faces in relation to neutral ones occurred later -around 330-430 ms -and were predominantly located in the posterior regions. 10 We thus expect to observe an effect of happy versus neutral expressions starting in the 300-400 ms time range.…”

Section: Study Twomentioning

confidence: 94%

Exploration of the Influence of Smiling on Initial Reactions Across Levels of Facial Attractiveness

Shields¹,

Morse²,

Arrington³

et al. 2017

AJUR

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Both attractiveness and emotionality independently affect perception and interact to influence how a person perceives others. It has previously been shown that expressing positive emotions increases perceived attractiveness in general, but the relative influence of smiling across attractiveness levels and timing of this interaction is unknown. Such an interaction could entail dependent brain processing with interactions between brain areas or independent processing within each brain area. The present studies aimed to investigate this interaction and how it occurs through behavioral, specifically self-report, and physiological, specifically electrophysiological, methods. In each study, female undergraduate participants were shown images of male faces with smiling or neutral expressions. Study 1 used participant ratings to provide insight into the interaction and to establish an image subset of faces of high attractiveness (HA) and low attractiveness (LA). An interaction was found wherein HA faces were rated significantly higher on attractiveness when smiling whereas LA faces were rated similarly attractive regardless of emotional expression. Study 2 used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the timing of brain responses to attractiveness, emotionality, and their interaction. Though a main effect of attractiveness consistently occurred prior to a main effect of emotional expression across two data sets, the presence of an interaction effect was inconsistent. There was some evidence for independent processing wherein the earliest brain responses are predominantly affected by attractiveness and are influenced by emotional expression, but dependent interactions between modular processing areas cannot be ruled out. Together, these results help to shed light on the interplay of attractiveness and emotionality though additional research could help to clarify the timing of the interaction on a neural level. KEYWORDS: Attractiveness, Emotionality, Emotional Expression, Smiling, Electroencephalography, Event Related Potentials

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When does the brain distinguish between genuine and ambiguous smiles? An ERP study

Cited by 59 publications

References 46 publications

Perceptual and affective mechanisms in facial expression recognition: An integrative review

Perceptual and affective mechanisms in facial expression recognition: An integrative review

Implicit emotion regulation deficits in individuals with high schizotypal traits: an ERP study

Exploration of the Influence of Smiling on Initial Reactions Across Levels of Facial Attractiveness

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