When hot rocks get hotter: behavior and acclimatization mitigate exposure to extreme temperatures in a spider

Berg, Francesca Trudy van den; Thompson, Michael B.; Hochuli, Dieter F.

doi:10.1890/es14-00436.1

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…This may manifest in spatially explicit actions such as an organism moving between discrete shade locations (Lagarde et al , Goller et al , Sears et al ), using cover to mitigate convective heat loss (Sherfy and Pekins ), or nest site selection (Carroll et al , Hovick et al ). Accordingly, scale dependency of thermal selection in response to shade has been shown for organisms ranging from spiders (Araneae); van den Berg et al ) to moose ( Alces alces ; Demarchi and Bunnell , van Beest et al ). In this regard, shade (or lack thereof) can be viewed as a critical resource, yet is often not viewed in that way by land managers, especially relative to the scale and distribution that it may be accessible to organisms.…”

Section: How Temperature Affects Space Use and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the thermal environment for terrestrial wildlife management

et al. 2017

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How organisms respond to and are influenced by temperature is one of the most fundamental aspects of ecology. Temperature affects animal physiology, behavior, survival, and reproduction. At broader spatial and temporal scales, temperature affects animal distributions, speciation, and evolution. Although entire textbooks have been devoted to how temperature is related to various aspects of basic animal ecology, applied ecologists have only recently begun to address thermal ecology in wildlife research. New investigations of thermal conditions relative to specific wildlife species have generally found tremendous variation within landscapes. Consequently, multiple species have been shown to respond in predictive ways to thermal variation. Variation in temperature can be due to both topoedaphic features inherent in the landscape as well as differences in vegetation structure and composition resulting from management actions. Although consideration of the thermal environment has received consideration for exothermic species, new evidence indicates that it has major implications to endotherms and may become even more critical under novel climate conditions. Rarely does management consider thermal cover explicitly or in a spatiotemporally dynamic way; in our view, this is a major short-coming of current conservation planning and management actions. We argue that thermal environments should be foundational in the understanding of the habitat concept. Furthermore, restoration and management efforts should specifically consider thermal refuge and pinch points-the discrete time or event when thermal conditions experienced by an organism deviate to extreme values relative to average conditions and limit vital rates and space use of that organism. We suggest that future research on thermal environments work at scales relevant to organisms so that management can adequately address the full extent of a species' habitat. Ó 2017 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.KEY WORDS habitat selection, microclimate, operative temperature, space use, thermal environment, thermal refuge.How organisms respond to, and are influenced by, temperature is one of the most fundamental aspects of ecology (Begon et al. 2006). In a proximate sense, temperature affects animal physiology, behavior, survival, and reproduction. Ultimately, temperature affects animal distributions, speciation, and evolution. Entire textbooks have been devoted to how temperature is related to various aspects of animal ecology (Feder 1987, Angilletta 2009, Cossins 2012, Deeming and Reynolds 2015. Despite this basic understanding of the importance of temperature to organisms, empirical evidence on how specific management actions influence thermal environments and how species respond to thermal conditions is largely lacking. As a result, thermal environments are rarely considered in management actions for wildlife, which creates a barrier between understanding how temperature influences species ...

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Section: How Temperature Affects Space Use and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the thermal environment for terrestrial wildlife management

et al. 2017

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“…The reason is that in summer the temperature inside the rock is lower than the air temperature: the animal’s body, closely adjacent to the rock, cools faster due to the higher (than air) thermal conductivity of the rock. It was shown that spiders [ 44 , 45 ] and snakes [ 46 ] choose stones of a suitable size for shelters to maintain optimal body temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rock Microhabitats Provide Suitable Thermal Conditions for Overwintering Insects: A Case Study of the Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Population in the Altai Mountains

Ananko

Kolosov

Martemyanov

2022

Insects

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Many insect species overwinter in various rock shelters (cavities and crevices), but the microclimates of rock biotopes remain poorly understood. We investigated the temperature dynamics in rock microhabitats where clusters of egg masses of the wintering spongy moth Lymantria dispar L. (SM) were observed. Our research objective was to find the relation between the ovipositing behaviour of females and the landscape features in different parts of this species’ range. Studies of the ecology of the SM are important from a practical point of view, as the moth causes significant economic damage to forests of the Holarctic. We found that the average monthly temperature of rock surfaces in the studied microhabitats was 2–5 °С above the average air temperature. More importantly, the minimum temperatures in these microhabitats were 4–13 °C higher than the minimum air temperature. These results help to reassess the role of the mountain landscape in the spread of insect species. Rock biotopes provided a significant improvement in the conditions for wintering insects. We believe that, when modelling the spread of invasive species (such as the SM), it is necessary to account for the influence of rock biotopes that may facilitate shifts in the northern boundaries of their range.

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“…Although these effects have been explored for diverse organisms (e.g. (Berg et al, 2015;Huey et al, 1989) ), we still lack a quantitative assessment of the relationship between body size and the thermal coupling with the surfaces on which organisms live.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size determines the thermal coupling between insects and plant surfaces

2021

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Most studies in global change biology predict biological impacts of warming from information on macroclimates. Most organisms, however, live in microhabitats with physical conditions which are decoupled to varying degrees from those in macroclimates depending partly on organism body size. Small ectotherms of a few millimetres in length live deep in surface boundary layers such that their heat budgets are dominated by different processes compared to larger ectotherms, whose bodies emerge from surface boundary layers. We therefore hypothesized that the body size relative to surface boundary layer thickness generates different patterns of body temperature variation for organisms in the same nominal habitats. We tested this hypothesis in a community of arthropods living on a subalpine plant by combining physical models to acquire high‐resolution time series of operative temperatures, thermal imaging to assess the strength of coupling between physical models or arthropod bodies and surrounding leaf temperatures, and a cross‐scale approach to infer the temperature distributions available to small ectotherms. The size of the physical model strongly influenced operative temperature dynamics: the bigger, the warmer. Small models were just a few degrees warmer than leaf surfaces, whereas large models deviated from leaf temperature by >10°C. We found similar patterns of body temperature of naturally occurring arthropods. Temperatures of small insects closely tracked leaf surface temperatures even in full sun, whereas larger insects were warmer than leaf surfaces. At the whole plant scale, the thermal diversity of leaf surfaces was high, especially in the sun, typically generating a range of microclimatic temperatures (for small insects) of >10°C. Larger insects instead could move between shaded and sunny portions of the whole plant to vary body temperatures by a larger extent. The bulk of animal biodiversity consists of small terrestrial arthropods, the majority of which are associated with plant surfaces at some point in their life cycles. The distribution of body sizes determines how much thermal diversity is available for behavioural thermoregulation, thereby contributing to their potential response to climate change. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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When hot rocks get hotter: behavior and acclimatization mitigate exposure to extreme temperatures in a spider

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Implications of the thermal environment for terrestrial wildlife management

Implications of the thermal environment for terrestrial wildlife management

Rock Microhabitats Provide Suitable Thermal Conditions for Overwintering Insects: A Case Study of the Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Population in the Altai Mountains

Body size determines the thermal coupling between insects and plant surfaces

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