Whitening effects of cosmetic formulation in the vascular component of skin pigmentation

Abstract

Background: Melanin plays an important role in protecting the skin against the harmful effects of solar radiation, but its abnormal accumulation may become an aesthetic problem, such as melasma and age spots. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiangiogenic and whitening effects of a depigmentation formulation (BLTX) using an in vitro model of human cell and skin culture. Methods: Human fibroblasts, keratinocytes or melanocytes were treated with BLTX and subjected to oxidative stress by UV radiation or inflammatory stress with IL-1α for quantification of melanin, tyrosinase, endothelin-1, PAR-2, VEGF and iNOS. Fragments of human skin, from elective plastic surgery, were treated with BLTX and subjected to histological evaluation with hematoxylin/eosin associated with Fontana-Masson technique for melanin view. A parametric method, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Bonferroni test, was used to compare data among all groups. Results: The results demonstrated that BLTX promotes a reduction in VEGF and iNOS protein synthesis in cultured dermal fibroblasts, indicating an antiangiogenic property. In relation to whitening effect, BLTX was able to reduce the production of melanin in both systems, melanocytes and human skin cultures. The depigmenting action was also revealed by decreasing the levels of endothelin-1, PAR-2 and activity of tyrosinase, when compared to cultures exposed to UV radiation. Conclusion: The results allow us to infer that BLTX presents an antiangiogenic effect indicating a role in the vascular component of melasma. Furthermore, the whitening property observed reinforces its use in the prevention and treatment of melasma.

Invitro effect of pine bark extract on melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity, production of endothelin‐1, and PPAR in cultured melanocytes exposed to Ultraviolet, Infrared, and Visible light radiation

“…As already described in the literature, 14‐20 UVA/UVB, IR‐A, and VL radiations significantly increase of 8.22, 5.32, and 5.98%, respectively ( p < 0.001), in the synthesis of melanin, when compared to baseline group (Figure 1). The association of radiation (ASS) produced significant increases in melanin synthesis when compared to three types of radiation applied alone, reaching a 10.56% increase compared to baseline control.…”

“…The radiation doses were based on preliminary studies obtained in our laboratory. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] After 48 h of irradiation, cell lysates were collected for quantification of melanin, ED1, and PPAR α, δ, and γ.…”

Whitening and inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation properties of the biotransformed green ginseng berry of new cultivar K1, ginsenoside Rg2 enriched, on B16 and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

“…Specifically speaking, melanogenesis is an important skin protection factor that prevents harmful effects of solar radiation. However, abnormal accumulation of melanin would result in melasma and age spots [ 22 ]. Therefore, tyrosinase which controls the primary and rate-limiting processes of melanin production [ 23 ] shall be adopted to suppress melanogenesis that causes freckles and age spots.…”

Ex Vivo Human Skin: An Alternative Test System for Skin Irritation and Corrosion Assays

“…Our efforts to establish a model with high reproducibility and adaptability to different experimental conditions generated positive results, as we have been able to use ex vivo human skin as a tool in the evaluation of several skin disorders, such as photoageing, skin dryness, atopic dermatitis, hair follicle ageing, skin and hair follicle permeation, among others. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]37 These studies comprise specific methodologies in which mediators of the various disorders are evaluated by using different techniques, such as immunofluorescence and immunoassays, as well as more complex studies involving omics platforms. These studies help to further our understanding of the complex interactions between cutaneous tissue and the extrinsic environment.…”

“…12,13 Studies performed by our group have shown that ex vivo skin, cultured under specific conditions, maintains the biological characteristics of in vivo skin for the length of time required to perform the tests, thus representing a feasible model with which to evaluate different parameters. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to assess the potential of ex vivo skin, as an alternative to reconstructed skin, on irritation and corrosion testing according to TGs 439 and 431.…”