Whole-genome sequencing analysis of highly prevalent Salmonella serovars in wild boars from a national park in Sardinia

Piras, Francesca; Spanu, Vincenzo; Siddi, Giuliana; Gymoese, Pernille; Spanu, Carlo; Cibin, Veronica; Schjørring, Susanne; Santis, E.P.L. De; Scarano, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108247

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In a previous investigation [51] conducted on wild boars coming from the Asinara Island National Park (northwestern end of Sardinia), the prevalence of Salmonella was 46.7%, notably much higher than the findings of the present study. A possible explanation for this difference may depend on the fact that the wild boars were periodically captured within the Asinara Park, as part of the specific plan for the numerical control of the wild boar population on the island.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

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Hunted Wild Boars in Sardinia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica

Siddi,

Piras,

Meloni

et al. 2023

Foods

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The objective of this investigation was to evaluate Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica prevalence in wild boars hunted in Sardinia and further characterize the isolates and analyse antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. In order to assess slaughtering hygiene, an evaluation of carcasses microbial contamination was also carried out. Between 2020 and 2022, samples were collected from 66 wild boars hunted during two hunting seasons from the area of two provinces in northern and central Sardinia (Italy). Samples collected included colon content samples, mesenteric lymph nodes samples and carcass surface samples. Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica detection was conducted on each sample; also, on carcass surface samples, total aerobic mesophilic count and Enterobacteriaceae count were evaluated. On Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility was tested and whole genome sequencing was applied. Salmonella was identified in the colon content samples of 3/66 (4.5%) wild boars; isolates were S. enterica subs. Salamae, S. ser. Elomrane and S. enterica subs. Enterica. Y. enterocolitica was detected from 20/66 (30.3%) wild boars: in 18/66 (27.3%) colon contents, in 3/66 (4.5%) mesenteric lymph nodes and in 3/49 (6.1%) carcass surface samples. In all, 24 Y. enterocolitica isolates were analysed and 20 different sequence types were detected, with the most common being ST 860. Regarding AMR, no resistance was detected in Salmonella isolates, while expected resistance towards β-lactams (blaA gene) and streptogramin (vatF gene) was observed in Y. enterocolitica isolates (91.7% and 4.2%, respectively). The low presence of AMR is probably due to the low anthropic impact in the wild areas. Regarding the surface contamination of carcasses, values (mean ± standard deviation log10 CFU/cm2) were 2.46 ± 0.97 for ACC and 1.07 ± 1.18 for Enterobacteriaceae. The results of our study confirm that wild boars can serve as reservoirs and spreaders of Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica; the finding of Y. enterocolitica presence on carcass surface highlights how meat may become superficially contaminated, especially considering that contamination is linked to the conditions related to the hunting, handling and processing of game animals.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…The results of the present study were compared with a similar previous investigation conducted on wild boars from the Asinara National Park [ 51 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Hunted Wild Boars in Sardinia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica

Siddi,

Piras,

Meloni

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…Infantis, Derby, Heidelberg) from domestic dogs, poultry farms, retail meat and clinical settings in various countries (Keefer et al, 2019;Cummings et al, 2020;Jovc ˇi c et al, 2020). In the previous studies, only one reported the presence of fosA7 in S. Agona and S. Derby from wild animals (wild boars) in Sardinia, Italy (Piras et al, 2021). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that wild birds are carriers of S. Heidelberg harbouring fosA7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Agona and S . Derby from wild animals (wild boars) in Sardinia, Italy (Piras et al ., 2021). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting that wild birds are carriers of S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low occurrence of multi‐antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in Salmonella enterica from wild birds in the United States

M’ikanatha

Whitehouse

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Wild birds are common reservoirs of Salmonella enterica. Wild birds carrying resistant S. enterica may pose a risk to public health as they can spread the resistant bacteria across large spatial scales within a short time. Here, we whole-genome sequenced 375 S. enterica strains from wild birds collected in 41 U.-S. states during 1978-2019 to examine bacterial resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. We found that Typhimurium was the dominant S. enterica serovar, accounting for 68.3% (256/375) of the bird isolates. Furthermore, the proportions of the isolates identified as multi-antimicrobial resistant (multi-AMR: resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes) or multi-heavy metal resistant (multi-HMR: resistant to at least three heavy metals) were both 1.87% (7/375). Interestingly, all the multi-resistant S. enterica (n = 12) were isolated from water birds or raptors; none of them was isolated from songbirds. Plasmid profiling demonstrated that 75% (9/12) of the multiresistant strains carried resistance plasmids. Our study indicates that wild birds do not serve as important reservoirs of multi-resistant S. enterica strains. Nonetheless, continuous surveillance for bacterial resistance in wild birds is necessary because the multi-resistant isolates identified in this study also showed close genetic relatedness with those from humans and domestic animals.

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“…The ultimate consequence is that two billion humans are annually suffering from Salmonella gastroenteritis, leading to over 3 million deaths globally [ 10 ]. The prevalent Salmonella is widely found in diverse sources, including environment, animal-originated foods, water, and animals, specifically wild animals, including wild birds [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], wild pigs [ 14 ], poultry and their eggs [ 15 ], and cattle [ 16 ]. It can be disseminated to humans via ingestion of contaminated food of animal origins, including pork, chicken, eggs, beef, and milk [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Searching Single Nucleotide-Polymorphisms (SNPs) and SNPs-Targeting a Multiplex Primer for Identification of Common Salmonella Serotypes

2022

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A rapid and high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-based method was developed to improve detection and reduce salmonellosis burden. In this study, whole-genome sequence (WGS) was used to investigate SNPs, the most common genetic marker for identifying bacteria. SNP-sites encompassing 15 sets of primers (666–863 bp) were selected and used to amplify the target Salmonella serovar strains, and the amplified products were sequenced. The prevalent Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars, including Typhimurium; Enteritidis, Agona, enterica, Typhi, and Abony, were amplified and sequenced. The amplified sequences of six Salmonella serovars with 15 sets of SNP-sites encompassing primers were aligned, explored SNPs, and SNPs-carrying primers (23 sets) were designed to develop a multiplex PCR marker (m-PCR). Each primer exists in at least two SNPs bases at the 3′ end of each primer, such as one was wild, and another was a mismatched base by transition or transversion mutation. Thus, twenty-three sets of SNP primers (242–670 bp), including 13 genes (SBG, dedA, yacG, mrcB, mesJ, metN, rihA/B, modA, hutG, yehX, ybiY, moeB, and sopA), were developed for PCR confirmation of target Salmonella serovar strains. Finally, the SNPs in four genes, including fliA gene (S. Enteritidis), modA (S. Agona and S. enterica), sopA (S. Abony), and mrcB (S. Typhimurium and S. Typhi), were used for detection markers of six target Salmonella serotypes. We developed an m-PCR primer set in which Salmonella serovars were detected in a single reaction. Nevertheless, m-PCR was validated with 21 Salmonella isolates (at least one isolate was taken from one positive animal fecal, and n = 6 reference Salmonella strains) and non-Salmonella bacteria isolates. The SNP-based m-PCR method would identify prevalent Salmonella serotypes, minimize the infection, and control outbreaks.

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Whole-genome sequencing analysis of highly prevalent Salmonella serovars in wild boars from a national park in Sardinia

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

Hunted Wild Boars in Sardinia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica

Hunted Wild Boars in Sardinia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica

Low occurrence of multi‐antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in Salmonella enterica from wild birds in the United States

Genome-Wide Searching Single Nucleotide-Polymorphisms (SNPs) and SNPs-Targeting a Multiplex Primer for Identification of Common Salmonella Serotypes

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