Why Are the Blind and Severely Visually Impaired Children With Mental Retardation Much More Retarded Than the Sighted Children?

Warburg, Mette

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1983.tb03935.x

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Mentally retarded children with visual impairment are considered profoundly retarded more often than sighted children with mental retardation (Warburg et al 1979;Warburg 1983). Mentally retarded children are educated according to their estimated developmental ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Acuity Testing With Preferential Looking in Mental Retardation

Lennerstrand

Axelsson

Andersson

1983

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Twenty-six mentally retarded children and young adults, most of them with severe neurological deficits, in the age range 5-24 years, were examined ophthalmologically, and their binocular visual acuities were tested with 'operant preferential looking' according to the technique of Mayer & Dobson (1980). Five of the subjects did not co-operate sufficiently for visual testing, although 3 had no ocular abnormalities that would affect binocular acuity. The visual acuity levels determined with 'preferential looking' ranged from 1.29 to 0.03 in the 21 subjects that could be tested. Two children with high myopia showed substantial increase in acuity with appropriate correction (from 0.1 to 1.06 in one child and from 0.05 to 0.31 in the other). Inability to fixate light or objects was found in subjects, who at acuity testing showed values of 0.15 or less. In patients with suspected or definite optic atrophy, visual acuities 0.28 or less were obtained. In general there was a good correlation between ophthalmological abnormalities (in fixation, pupil reactions to light, ocular motility, fundus appearance and refraction) and poor visual acuity. It is therefore concluded that visual acuity testing with 'preferential looking' techniques can give valid information on central visual function in mentally retarded children and young adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Acuity Testing With Preferential Looking in Mental Retardation

Lennerstrand

Axelsson

Andersson

1983

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…Innen gruppen mennesker med utviklingshemning er synshemning mye mer vanlig enn i den øvrige befolkning. En antar at minimum 10 % av de utviklingshemmede har synsproblemer 20,21,22,23 . Det henvises til arbeidsgrupperapporten for mer utfyllende omtale av CVI.…”

Section: Cerebral Synshemning (Cerebral Visual Impairment (Cvi))unclassified

Helsesykepleiere må kunne veilede om flerspråklighet

Fjelldal¹,

Laholt²,

Clancy³

2021

Sykepleien

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Sammendrag av retningslinjene 1.1 Syn 1.2 Hørsel 1.3 Språk 1.4 Skjematisk oversikt over undersøkelser på ulike alderstrinn 2 Syn 2.1 Om synet 2.2 Synshemninger 2.2.1 Medfødt katarakt (grå staer) 2.2.2 Cerebral synshemning (Cerebral visual impairment (CVI)) 2.2.3 Strabisme og amblyopi 2.3 Undersøkelsesmetoder og tidspunkt for de ulike undersøkelser 2.3.1 Generelle undersøkelser av synet 2.3.2 Undersøkelse av rød refleks 2.3.3 Undersøkelse av korneal lysrefleks og tildekkingstest 2.3.4 Visusundersøkelse 2.3.5 Målrettede undersøkelser av synet 3 Hørsel 3.1 Om hørselen 3.2 Hørselshemninger 3.2.1 Forekomst av hørselshemninger 3.2.2 Behandlings-og habiliteringsmuligheter 3.3 Hvordan undersøkes barns hørsel i dag 3.4 Undersøkelsesmetoder og tidspunkt for de ulike undersøkelser 3.5 Undersøkelser av nyfødte med otoakustiske emisjoner (OAE) og automatisert hjernestammerespondsaudiometri (AABR) 3.5.1 Implementering av ny screeningsmetode 3.6 Generelle undersøkelser vedrørende hørsel 3.7 Distraksjonstest, BOEL og PAT 3.8 Undersøkelse ved bruk av audiometri 3.9 Målrettede undersøkelser vedrørende hørsel 4 Språk 4.1 Om språk og språkutvikling 4.2 Oversikt over barns språkutvikling i alderen 0-5 år 4.3 Språkvansker 4.3.1 Spesifikke språkvansker 4.3.2 Andre språkrelaterte vansker 4.4 Tidlig forebygging 4.5 Minoritetsspråklige barn 4.6 Språkundersøkelser 4.6.1 Bruk av SATS og SPRÅK 4 i forhold til minoritetsspråklige barn Metoder ved utarbeidelse av faglige retningslinjer fra sosial-og helsedirektoratet 39 5.1 Hva er faglige retningslinjer? 5.2 Hvordan bør faglige retningslinjer utarbeides? 5.3 Hvordan kan vitenskapelig kunnskap vurderes og graderes? 5.4 Metode for utarbeiding av faglige retningslinjer for syn, hørsel og språk 5.5 Sosial-og helsedirektoratets oppfølging av arbeidsgrupperapportene 5

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Causes of visual impairment in children

Pol

1986

Doc Ophthalmol

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The populations formed by the pupils of the eleven Dutch institutions for visually handicapped children on the first of January 1980 were investigated, repeating the investigation of the International Association for Prevention of Blindness in 1970. The total number of pupils was nearly the same in both instances (1300 in 1970 and 1334 in 1980). No significant differences were found in the distribution of diagnoses and etiologies between the two groups. The congenital cataracts, the tapeto-retinal dystrophies and the optic nerve affections are still the three diagnostic groups with the highest prevalence (together 48.6%). To gain more reliable insight into morbidity patterns one needs longitudinal investigations with central registration of patient data, especially in studying the influence of pre- and perinatal problems.

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Why Are the Blind and Severely Visually Impaired Children With Mental Retardation Much More Retarded Than the Sighted Children?

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Visual Acuity Testing With Preferential Looking in Mental Retardation

Visual Acuity Testing With Preferential Looking in Mental Retardation

Helsesykepleiere må kunne veilede om flerspråklighet

Causes of visual impairment in children

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