Why Do Arab States Lag the World in Gender Equality?

Norris, Pippa

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1474820

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some argue that oil wealth is special because it creates structural conditions conducive to retarding democracy (Mahdavy 1970, Ross 2012. Others have examined how Islam rather than oil might explain cultural conditions inimical to democratization, particularly in terms of attitudes towards women and minorities (Fish 2002, Norris 2011 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some argue that the real culprit for socio-political and economic failure, particularly of the oil-rich Middle East is Islam and deep institutional factors that precede the importance of oil (Donno and Russett 2004, Fish 2011, Lust 2011, Norris 2011. These scholars see Islam´s attitude towards women as particularly salient, especially regarding the question of democratization.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil, Islam, and the Middle East: An Empirical Analysis of the Repression of Religion, 1980–2013

Albertsen

Soysa

2017

Politics and Religion

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There is a lively debate on the relative impacts of Islam, oil wealth, and Middle Eastern institutional legacies regarding democratization and the spread of liberal values. We examine this issue using religious repression. We argue that oil-wealthy rulers use religious monopoly to control dissent. Our results show that oil wealth increases religious repression above the effects of Muslim dominance and a host of sundry controls. The MENA region seems to matter more than Islam. Interestingly, the conditional effect of oil and the MENA region is positive on religious freedom. The data suggest that several Gulf monarchies have more religious freedoms than other Muslim dominant states, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, or even Israel and Jordan. The worst religious repression is among oil producers in Central Asia. The results are robust to a host of intervening factors, different measures of oil wealth, alternative data on religious freedom, and estimating method.3

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil, Islam, and the Middle East: An Empirical Analysis of the Repression of Religion, 1980–2013

Albertsen

Soysa

2017

Politics and Religion

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“…By focusing on differences between regions, it is not implied that regions or even countries were homogenous, but the intuition is to capture relevant tendencies. Another way is to look at religion, in particular Catholicism (Rule, 1987;Leyenaar, 2004;Kunovich and Paxton, 2005;Norris, 2009). Here, religion is highlighted for its prescriptive views on the role of women in public life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Representation of Women in National Parliaments: A Cross-national Comparison

Ruedin¹

2010

European Sociological Review

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Women's representation in national parliaments is examined using a large cross-national sample. Initially, the article seems to confirm previous findings that the electoral formula and quotas are good predictors for the proportion of women in parliament. In line with some recent contributions, this article finds that the proportion of women in parliament is explicable in terms of culture-particularly attitudes towards women as political leaders. It appears that regional differences reflect differences in attitudes relevant to women's political representation. Drawing on recent developments on gender quotas and insights on the influence of attitudes on gender representation, in this article, quotas and measured attitudes are considered at the same time. Once controlling for regional or cultural differences, the provision of voluntary party quotas does not appear to be significant at the national level. The results are tested for robustness over time, and using a subsample of OECD countries. This article provides further evidence for a strong association between cultural factors and the proportion of women in parliament.

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“…Norris (2009a and and Guiso et al (2003) who also use World Value Surveys data do however find that religion influences attitudes towards gender equality and that support for gender equality is lowest in countries with Muslim majorities.…”

Section: Uses Worldmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…or Islam that drives gender inequality (Tripp 2009, Charrad 2009, Norris 2009b, Kang, 2009, Caraway 2009, Ross 2008, 2009a, 2012a, and Groh and Rothschild 2012.…”

Section: Religion and Human Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

Potrafke

2016

Econ Gov

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Policies against Human Trafficking: The Role of Religion and Political Institutions Abstract I investigate empirically the role of religion and political institutions in policies against human trafficking, using the new 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index. The dataset contains 175 countries. The results show that governments in countries with Christian majorities implement stricter anti-trafficking policies than countries with Muslim majorities. The differences between countries with Christian and Muslim majorities is pronounced in dictatorships but less so in democracies. The influence of religion on the overall 3P Anti-trafficking Policy Index is driven by protection and prevention policies. As compared to prosecution policies that mainly target the perpetrators of human trafficking, protection and prevention policies mainly protect the victims of human trafficking, i.e. predominantly women. The conclusions are consistent with other empirical findings regarding the association between religion, political institutions, and human development. JEL-Code: F220, O150, O110, Z120, F590. Terms of use: Documents in

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Why Do Arab States Lag the World in Gender Equality?

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Oil, Islam, and the Middle East: An Empirical Analysis of the Repression of Religion, 1980–2013

Oil, Islam, and the Middle East: An Empirical Analysis of the Repression of Religion, 1980–2013

The Representation of Women in National Parliaments: A Cross-national Comparison

Policies against human trafficking: the role of religion and political institutions

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