Why glyphosate is a global herbicide: strengths, weaknesses and prospects

Baylis, Alan

doi:10.1002/(sici)1526-4998(200004)56:4<299::aid-ps144>3.3.co;2-b

Cited by 175 publications

(244 citation statements)

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“…The composition of the counter‐ion used for the glyphosate anion can have a substantial effect on biological activity and this is thought to be related, in part, to the physical form of the foliar deposit. For example, deposits of glyphosate‐trimesium are gel‐like and hygroscopic in nature, whereas those formed by glyphosate‐calcium have a glass‐like structure, not conducive to uptake 21. Thus, the presence of calcium ions can cause problems with glyphosate formulations when applied in hard waters22 or when calcium salts are secreted by plants onto their leaf surfaces, for example, in species belonging to the Malvaceae 23.…”

Section: Processes Involved In Transfer From Spray Tank To Site Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvants and glyphosate activity

Leaper

Holloway

2000

Pest Manag. Sci.

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Section: Processes Involved In Transfer From Spray Tank To Site Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjuvants and glyphosate activity

Leaper

Holloway

2000

Pest Manag. Sci.

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“…Glyphosate ( N ‐(phosphonemethyl)glycine) is the world's biggest selling agrochemical with the fastest growing market 1. It is an effective herbicide which can be used to control a broad spectrum of weeds in agricultural, industrial and domestic situations, although its use is particularly prevalent in arable fields 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non‐target spiders: Part I. Direct effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis under laboratory conditions

Haughton

Bell

Wilcox

et al. 2001

Pest Management Science

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We examined the toxic effects of glyphosate to adult female Lepthyphantes tenuis (Araneae, Linyphiidae), a common spider of agricultural habitats. The overspray technique was used to investigate the effect of the herbicide on forty individuals in each of six glyphosate treatments (2160, 1440, 1080, 720, 360 and 180 g ha-1) and a distilled water control. Spiders collected from the wild were individually placed in exposure chambers and checked every 24 h over a 72-h experimental period. Mortality of L tenuis remained at less than 10% in all treatments at 24 and 48 h after spray application, and only increased marginally (to 13%) after 72 h. These results support other limited data which suggest that glyphosate is 'harmless' to non-target arthropods. More extended laboratory testing to investigate any side-effects of glyphosate on the life history of L tenuis and other non-beneficial invertebrates is required.

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“…Furthermore, the use of glyphosate allows greater adoption of no-or reduced-tillage systems (Locke et al, 2008;Givens et al, 2009b). These systems contribute to different extent to reductions in soil erosion, fossil fuel use, carbon dioxide emissions, nitrogen and pesticide leaching, and in loss of soil moisture, and to improved soil structure (Baylis, 2000;Cerdeira and Duke, 2006Dewar, 2010;Basso et al, 2011;Carpenter, 2011). The abundance of soil-dwelling carabid beetles and spiders has been shown to increase in noor reduced-tillage systems, as weeds provide a more favourable habitat for predators, such as carabids or spiders, or because more abundant prey, such as Collembola, are available (Witmer et al, 2003;Hough-Goldstein et al, 2004;Rodríguez et al, 2006;Schier, 2006).…”

Section: Environmental Impact Of Herbicide Regimes Used In Gmht Croppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-60) for placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide tolerant maize GA21 for food and feed uses, import, processing and cultivation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Seeds

2011

EFSA Journal

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This Scientific Opinion reports on an evaluation of a risk assessment for placing on the market of genetically modified maize GA21 for food and feed uses, import, processing and cultivation. Maize GA21 was developed through particle bombardment and contains a single insertion locus consisting of modified maize epsps (mepsps) gene, conferring tolerance to glyphosate-based herbicides. Bioinformatic analyses and levels of the mEPSPS protein were considered sufficient. The comparative analysis of compositional, agronomic and phenotypic characteristics indicated that maize GA21 is not different from the conventional counterpart and its composition fell within the range observed among non-GM maize varieties, except for the presence of the mEPSPS protein in maize GA21. The safety assessment of maize GA21 identified no concerns regarding potential toxicity and allergenicity. A feeding study with broiler chickens confirmed that maize GA21 is as nutritious as its conventional counterpart. The EFSA GMO Panel considers that maize GA21 is unlikely to raise additional environmental safety concerns compared to conventional maize, but that its cultivation management could result in environmental harm under certain conditions. The EFSA GMO Panel therefore recommends managing the use of glyphosate on maize GA21 within diversified cropping regimes that have similar or reduced environmental impacts compared with conventional maize cultivation. The EFSA GMO Panel recommends the deployment of case-specific monitoring to address (1) changes in botanical diversity within fields due to novel herbicide regimes, and (2) resistance evolution to glyphosate in weeds due to novel herbicide regimes. The EFSA GMO Panel agrees with the general surveillance plan of the applicant, but requests that its proposals to strengthen general surveillance are implemented. The EFSA GMO Panel concludes that the information available for maize GA21 addresses the scientific comments raised by Member States and that maize GA21, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and commercial maize varieties with respect to potential adverse effects on human and animal health. If subjected to appropriate management measures, the cultivation management of maize GA21 is unlikely to raise safety concerns for the environment.

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Why glyphosate is a global herbicide: strengths, weaknesses and prospects

Cited by 175 publications

References 0 publications

Adjuvants and glyphosate activity

Adjuvants and glyphosate activity

The effect of the herbicide glyphosate on non‐target spiders: Part I. Direct effects on Lepthyphantes tenuis under laboratory conditions

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-UK-2008-60) for placing on the market of genetically modified herbicide tolerant maize GA21 for food and feed uses, import, processing and cultivation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Seeds

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