Why is illegal fishing occurring in the Persian Gulf? A case study from the Hormozgan province of Iran

Daliri, Moslem; Kamrani, Ehsan; Jentoft, Svein; Paighambari, Seyed Yousef

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.11.020

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…While no significant difference was found in the reasons for using destructive fishing gears between gender (n = 150, p = 0.823), the analysis showed that years spent in fisheries (n = 150, p < 0.05) and occupations (n = 150, p < 0.001) had significant effects on the reasons about the use of destructive gears, i.e., managers/scientists and fishers differ in their consideration about why destructive fishing gear was used. All in all, our findings concur with other recent studies of illegal fishing [34,50,51], which show that economic conditions and management issues may contribute to non-compliance of fisheries regulations. Table 5.…”

Section: Reasons For Using Destructive Fishing Gearsupporting

confidence: 92%

A Bottom-Up Understanding of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing in Lake Victoria

2016

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Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a major concern in fisheries management around the world. Several measures have been taken to address the problem. In Lake Victoria, the alleviation of IUU fishing is implemented through the Regional Plan of Action (RPOA-IUU), which restricts use of certain fishing gear, as well as prohibits fishing in closed areas and during closed seasons. Despite the long-term efforts to monitor and control what goes on in the fisheries, IUU fishing has persisted in Lake Victoria. Inspired by interactive governance theory, this paper argues that the persistence of IUU fishing could be due to different images that stakeholders have about the situation, rather than the lack of management competency. Through structured interviews with 150 fisheries stakeholders on Ijinga Island in the southeastern part of Lake Victoria, Tanzania, using paired comparison questionnaires, the study elicits stakeholders' perspective about the severity of different locally-pertinent fishing-related activities. The results show that while fisheries stakeholder groups agree on their judgments about certain fishing gears, some differences are also apparent. For instance, fisheries managers and scientists do not always agree with fishing people about what activities cause the most damage to fisheries resources and ecosystem. Further, they tend to consider some IUU fishing-related activities less damaging than some non-IUU fishing. Such disparity creates governability challenges, pointing to the need to revisit relevant regulatory measures and to make them consistent with the knowledge and judgments of all stakeholders. Based on these findings, we discuss governing interventions that may contribute to addressing IUU fishing in Lake Victoria and elsewhere.

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Section: Reasons For Using Destructive Fishing Gearsupporting

confidence: 92%

A Bottom-Up Understanding of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing in Lake Victoria

2016

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“…Education plays an important role in the conscious participation of fishers in compliance with the laws, and low education level is a serious social barrier in the sustainable harvest and conservation of natural resources, including sturgeon. Previous research in Zimbabwe (Gandiwa, ) and in the Persian Gulf (Daliri et al, ) also indicated that social and economic issues, such as low education levels and weak economic conditions, can contribute to the occurrence of illegal fishing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Recent reports indicated the existence of an organized criminal network in the Caspian regions, which have an important role in the illegal exploitation and trade of sturgeon caviar because of factors such as scarcity, the high prices paid for caviar, social instability, corruption, and defects in the monitoring and control systems (van Uhm & Siegel, ; Zabyelina, ). Using questionnaires, face‐to‐face interviews with fishers and experts, and other similar approaches have been reported as reliable methods to determine the drivers of non‐compliance with fishing regulations, as well as to estimate catch volumes, species composition, and by‐catch in Africa (Gandiwa, ; Luomba, Chuenpagdee, & Song, ), North America (Blank & Gavin, ; Lancaster, Dearden, & Ban, ; Walker et al, ), Europe (Moutopoulos, Dimitriou, Katselis, & Koutsikopoulos, ), and Asia (Daliri, Kamrani, Jentoft, & Paighambari, ; Pramod, ; van Uhm & Siegel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the drivers of the occurrence of illegal fishing and conservation barriers of sturgeons in the Caspian Sea?

Aghilinejhad

Gorgin

Uhm

et al. 2018

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Overfishing, exacerbated by illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, is a serious threat to the conservation of the Caspian sturgeon populations, exposing them to the brink of extinction. This indicates the importance of investigating the causes and eliminating the consequences of the occurrence of IUU fishing.2. This study aimed to determine the barriers to sturgeon conservation, and to evaluate the importance of variables involved in the occurrence of IUU fishing in the southern Caspian Sea using field-and questionnaire-based surveys of 520 Iranian fishers and 40 fishery experts.3. Modelling the data using the Logit regression model indicated that several social, economic, conservation, and fishery-related variables (including fisheries knowledge, fish price, fishing method, fishing time, catch/vessel ownership, conservation importance, and penalty awareness) significantly contributed to the occurrence of illegal fishing. Fishers with poorer fisheries knowledge who owned fishing vessels were more likely to be involved in IUU fishing. In addition, fishers who were less concerned about sturgeon conservation and who used non-standard fishing gear at night had a higher probability of committing IUU fishing. 4. Exploring the opinions of fishery experts through the analytical hierarchy process also showed that economic, social, fishing, and conservation criteria were respectively attributed the highest weights as the contributing criteria to the occurrence of IUU fishing. 5. Overall, close associations were observed between the range of determinants, with the probability of the occurrence of IUU fishing indicating that illegal fishing is a complex event that should be studied in different dimensions because of the involvement of a combination of drivers. The knowledge obtained here can assist the relevant agencies in preventing this widespread problem, and with the practical rebuilding and more efficient conservation planning of sturgeon stocks.

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“…The Persian Gulf is facing with many threats resulting from natural changes and anthropogenic pressures. Marine species diversity, ecosystem health, and fisheries are currently threatened by multiple stressors such as industrial effluents, reclamation and dredging, oil pollution, overfishing, and other natural and anthropogenic factors (Figure ; Daliri, Kamrani, Jentoft, & Paighambari, ; Kamrani, Sharifinia, & Hashemi, ; Sharifinia, Daliri, & Kamrani, ; Sharifinia, Taherizadeh, Namin, & Kamrani, ). Despite the potential effects of DPs on marine ecosystems and their services, there is a lack of research on the impact of brine discharges from DPs on Persian Gulf biodiversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main threats to biodiversity in the Persian Gulf (Daliri et al, ; Kamrani et al, ; Sharifinia et al, , , ) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention is better than cure: Persian Gulf biodiversity vulnerability to the impacts of desalination plants

Sharifinia

Bahmanbeigloo

Smith

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Due to extremely high rates of evaporation and low precipitation in the Persian Gulf, discharges from desalination plants (DPs) can lead to ecological stresses by increasing water temperatures, salinities, and heavy metal concentrations, as well as decreasing dissolved oxygen levels. We discuss the potential ecological impacts of DPs on marine organisms and propose mitigating measures to reduce the problems induced by DPs discharges. The daily capacity of DPs in the Persian Gulf exceeds 11 million m3 per day, which is approximately half of global daily freshwater production; multistage flash distillation (MSF) is the dominant desalination process. Results from field and laboratory studies indicate that there are potentially serious and chronic threats to marine communities following exposure to DP discharges, especially within the zoobenthos, echinodermata, seagrasses, and coral reefs. DP discharges can lead to decreases in sensitive species, plankton abundance, hard substrate epifauna, and growth rates of seagrasses. However, the broad applicability of any one of these impacts is currently hard to scale because of the limited number of studies that have been conducted to assess the ecological impacts of DP discharge on Persian Gulf organisms. Even so, available data suggest that appropriately sited, designed, and operated DPs combined with current developments in impingement and entrainment reduction technology can mitigate many of the negative environmental impacts of DPs.

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Why is illegal fishing occurring in the Persian Gulf? A case study from the Hormozgan province of Iran

Cited by 27 publications

References 35 publications

A Bottom-Up Understanding of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing in Lake Victoria

A Bottom-Up Understanding of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing in Lake Victoria

What are the drivers of the occurrence of illegal fishing and conservation barriers of sturgeons in the Caspian Sea?

Prevention is better than cure: Persian Gulf biodiversity vulnerability to the impacts of desalination plants

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