Wide-bandwidth, low-loss, 19-cell hollow core photonic band gap fiber and its potential for low latency data transmission

Wheeler, Natalie V.; Petrovich, M. N.; Slavı́k, Radan; Baddela, N. K.; Numkam, E.; Hayes, J. R.; Gray, D. R.; Poletti, Francesco; Richardson, David J.

doi:10.1364/nfoec.2012.pdp5a.2

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…2(c) for the two LP 01 -like and four LP 11 -like modes (in a selected wavelength range), but this time including a simple perturbation: a 10cm diameter bend. This approach is thus suited to the reality of HCF design, where quantitative modeling is generally not possible [17], fiber geometry cannot be adequately characterized [18], and even major spectral features are more often empirically tweaked than systematically controlled [9]. 3(b).…”

Section: Prism Designs For Suppression Of Unwanted Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For several decades, commercial development of optical fibers has focused on silica, the second-best medium for guiding light. Hollow core guidance offers additional game-changing benefits in specific applications: hollow-core fibers can operate beyond damage limits in high-peak-power applications [8], can guarantee the shortest possible delay in low-latency communication applications [9], etc. Light in a hollow core is effectively free from the bulk scattering, nonlinearity and other interactions it would have in any solid material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-loss hollow-core fibers with improved single-modedness

Fini¹,

Nicholson²,

Windeler³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Hollow-core fibers (HCFs) are a revolution in light guidance with enormous potential. They promise lower loss than any other waveguide, but have not yet achieved this potential because of a tradeoff between loss and single-moded operation. This paper demonstrates progress on a strategy to beat this tradeoff: we measure the first hollow-core fiber employing Perturbed Resonance for Improved Single Modedness (PRISM), where unwanted modes are robustly stripped away. The fiber has fundamental-mode loss of 7.5 dB/km, while other modes of the 19-lattice-cell core see loss >3000 dB/km. This level of single-modedness is far better than previous 19-cell or 7-cell HCFs, and even comparable to some commercial solid-core fibers. Modeling indicates this measured loss can be improved. By breaking the connection between core size and single-modedness, this first PRISM demonstration opens a new path towards achieving the low-loss potential of HCFs.

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Section: Prism Designs For Suppression Of Unwanted Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-loss hollow-core fibers with improved single-modedness

Fini¹,

Nicholson²,

Windeler³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…On the one hand, SDM draws on the accumulated progress of fibre research. This includes subtle improvements in traditional fibres 3 , and the fantastically precise fabrication methods developed to produce hollow-core and other complex microstructure fibres [4][5][6][7] . Sophisticated mode control 8 and analysis 9 methods along with tapered devices 10 can be borrowed from high-power fibre laser research, which itself has needed to develop means to better exploit the spatial domain in the drive to achieve ever higher power levels 11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres

Richardson¹,

Fini²,

Nelson³

2013

Nature Photon

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2,900

1,112

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Optical communications technology has made enormous and steady progress for several decades, providing the key resource in our increasingly information-driven society and economy. Much of this progress has been in finding innovative ways to increase the data carrying capacity of a single optical fibre. In this search, researchers have explored (and close to maximally exploited) every available degree of freedom, and even commercial systems now utilize multiplexing in time, wavelength, polarization, and phase to speed more information through the fibre infrastructure. Conspicuously, one potentially enormous source of improvement has however been left untapped in these systems: fibres can easily support hundreds of spatial modes, but today's commercial systems (single-mode or multi-mode) make no attempt to use these as parallel channels for independent signals.

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“…Wired transmission using PCFs also would be a candidate for low latency communications. The refractive index of PCFs can be close to one [17]. However, expected transmission capacity of LEO satellites, radio-waves or PCFs, would be much smaller than in OFC using WDM and SDM.…”

Section: Low-latency Transmission For Particular Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of wave propagation delay on latency in optical communication systems

Kawanishi¹,

Kanno²,

Yoshida³

et al. 2012

SPIE Proceedings

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Latency is an important figure to describe performance of transmission systems for particular applications, such as data transfer for earthquake early warning, transaction for financial businesses, interactive services such as online games, etc. Latency consists of delay due to signal processing at nodes and transmitters, and of signal propagation delay due to propagation of electromagnetic waves. The lower limit of the latency in transmission systems using conventional single mode fibers (SMFs) depends on wave propagation speed in the SMFs which is slower than c. Photonic crystal fibers, holly fibers and large core fibers can have low effective refractive indices, and can transfer light faster than in SMFs. In free-space optical systems, signals propagate with the speed c, so that the latency could be smaller than in optical fibers. For example, LEO satellites would transmit data faster than optical submarine cables, when the transmission distance is longer than a few thousand kilometers. This paper will discuss combination of various transmission media to reduce negative impact of the latency, as well as applications of low-latency systems.

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Wide-bandwidth, low-loss, 19-cell hollow core photonic band gap fiber and its potential for low latency data transmission

Abstract: A record low loss (3.5dB/km) for a wide operating bandwidth HC-PBGF is reported. Detailed time-of-flight measurements are also presented, enabling first measurements of latency and differential group delay between mode groups in HC-PBGF.

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Low-loss hollow-core fibers with improved single-modedness

Low-loss hollow-core fibers with improved single-modedness

Space-division multiplexing in optical fibres

Impact of wave propagation delay on latency in optical communication systems

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