Wildlife Rabies in Zambia

Röttcher, D; Sawchuk, A. M.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-14.4.513

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Low wildlife rabies cases from communal areas can also be due to poor road networks and general lack of knowledge of wildlife rabies. In agreement with the results of Foggin (1988) and Bingham et al (1999) wildlife rabies has never become established in the wildlife areas and similar observations have been reported in Zambia (Rottcher and Sawchuk 1978). This is presumably because the diversity of carnivore species prohibits any one species becoming so numerous that the threshold density is exceeded and because there is insufficient inter-specific contact to maintain the disease (Foggin 1988).…”

Section: Jackal Otherssupporting

confidence: 76%

A retrospective study of wildlife rabies in Zimbabwe, between 1992 and 2003

Pfukenyi

Pawandiwa²,

Makaya³

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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To assess the epidemiological features of wildlife rabies in Zimbabwe, a retrospective study covering a period of 12 years (1992-2003) was conducted using rabies records of the Central Veterinary Laboratories (CVL), Department of Veterinary Technical Services at Harare. Records of monthly and annual wildlife rabies were perused with regard to total samples submitted to the CVL and corresponding positive cases. Positive cases were analyzed in relation to the animal species involved, seasonal trends, and land-use categories. A total of 2107 samples were submitted and 1 540 (73.1%) were positive. Jackals (Canis mesomelas and C. adustus), with a peak occurrence of rabies between January and March were the major maintenance host, representing approximately 91% of the total rabies cases confirmed. The Canidae family recorded the highest number of cases followed by the Viverridae, Mustelidae, Felidae, Herpestidae and Hyaenidae families in that order. During the present study rabies cases were confirmed in 7 additional wild animals. The majority of the positive cases (83.7%) were recorded in commercial farming areas in the northeast parts of the country.

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Section: Jackal Otherssupporting

confidence: 76%

A retrospective study of wildlife rabies in Zimbabwe, between 1992 and 2003

Pfukenyi

Pawandiwa²,

Makaya³

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…Data published in the medical literature about rabies in African NHPs are scant [14]–[18]. Meeting reports of the SEARG (web site: http://searg.info/doku.php?id=start) provide some evidence of rabies in NHPs in a number of African countries, including Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia (Appendix S1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imported cases from Peru and Colombia, however were confirmed by fluorescent rabies antibody examination of brain tissue, demonstration of negri bodies on microscopic examination or rabies induced in mice inoculated with brain tissue [12], [13]. Cases reported in wild NHPs in various countries in Africa by the SEARG (Appendix S1) and other authors [14]–[18], in India [20] and Jordan [26], as well as in the imported cases from Sierra Leone [19] India [21] and the Philippines [12] were all confirmed by brain tissue histology, fluorescent antibody testing of brain tissue and mouse inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies in Nonhuman Primates and Potential for Transmission to Humans: A Literature Review and Examination of Selected French National Data

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe nonhuman primate (NHP)-related injuries in rabies-enzootic countries is a public health problem of increasing importance. The aims of this work are to collect data concerning rabies transmission from NHPs to humans; to collate medical practices regarding rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in different countries, and to provide an evidence base to support the decision to apply rabies PEP in this context.MethodologyTo retrieve information, we conducted a literature search from 1960 to January 2013. All reports of rabies in NHPs and rabies transmission to humans by infected NHPs were included. Also included were studies of travelers seeking care for rabies PEP in various settings.Data collected by the French National Reference Centre for Rabies concerning NHPs submitted for rabies diagnosis in France and human rabies exposure to NHPs in travelers returning to France were analyzed for the periods 1999–2012 and 1994–2011, respectively.Principal findingsA total of 159 reports of rabies in NHPs have been retrieved from various sources in South America, Africa, and Asia, including 13 cases in animals imported to Europe and the US. 134 were laboratory confirmed cases. 25 cases of human rabies following NHP-related injuries were reported, including 20 from Brazil. Among more than 2000 international travelers from various settings, the proportion of injuries related to NHP exposures was about 31%. NHPs rank second, following dogs in most studies and first in studies conducted in travelers returning from Southeast Asia. In France, 15.6% of 1606 travelers seeking PEP for exposure to any animal were injured by monkeys.Conclusions/significanceAlthough less frequently reported in published literature than human rabies, confirmed rabies cases in NHPs occur. The occurrence of documented transmission of rabies from NHPs to human suggests that rabies PEP is indicated in patients injured by NHPs in rabies-enzootic countries.

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“…Cases of hyaenas killed by rabies have also been reported from South Africa (Barnard 1979), Namibia (Swanepoel et al 1993), Zambia (Riittcher and Sawchuk 1978) Malawi (Edelsten 1995) and Ethiopia (Mebatsion et al 1992). In both the Serengeti and the Masai Mara, spotted hyaena populations revealed a similar, high frequency of exposure (46.6% seroprevalence) to rabies.…”

Section: Pathogens and Diseasementioning

confidence: 95%