SummaryTsetse populations and trypanosome infections were monitored at the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary to assess the impact of trypanosomiasis on rhinoceros. High densities of Glossina pallidipes were found near a permanent spring by the Ngulia escarpment; G. longipennis and G. brevipalpis were also present in lower numbers. Infection rates in G. pallidipes averaged 3·6%, with three times as many T. vivax as T. congolense infections. T. simiae and T. brucei were present at low frequency. DNA probes revealed that all mature T. congolense infections belonged to the Savanna subgroup. G. pallidipes fed on many hosts, with most meals taken from bovids and elephants. Rhino account for one of the blood meals in a small sample taken from G. longipennis. During a time of low tsetse densities (dry season), we estimated that the wild host population was acquiring seven infections per km2 per day. At lower levels of challenge, an experimental rhino became infected with T. congolense. These results are discussed in terms of future plans for the repopulation of rhino in tsetse‐infested areas in Kenya.RésuméOn a surveillé les populations de tsé‐tsé et les infections dues au trypanosome au Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, pour évaluer l'impact de la trypanosomiase sur les rhinocéros. On a relevé de fortes densités de Glossina pallidipes près d'une source permanente, près de l'escarpement de Ngulia. Il y avait aussi des G. longipennis et des G. brevipalpis mais moins nombreuses. Le taux d'infection des G. pallidipes est de 3, 6 en moyenne, dû trois fois plus áT. vivax qu‘àT. congolense. T. simiae et T. brucei sont peu fréquents. Des tests d'ADN révèlent que toutes les infections déclarées par T. congolense appartiennent au sous‐groupe Savanna. G. pallidipes se nourrit sur de nombreux hôtes, surtout sur les bovidés et les éléphants. Le rhino compte pour un seul repas dans un petit échantillon de G. longipennis. Lors d'une période où la densité de tsé‐tséétait faible (saison sèche), nous avons estirné que la faune sauvage‐hôte sacrifiait sept individus par jour et par km2à l'infection. A des niveaux plus bas d'expérimentation, un rhino “expérimental” a été infecté par T. congolense. On discute de ces résultats dans le cadre de projets de repeuplement par des rhinos, de régions du Kenya infectées par les tsé‐tsé.

Trypanosoma evansi, which is transmitted by biting flies. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis is described, together with chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis.

Wildlife species made up 26 (2.0%) of 1,304 positive rabies cases received between 1969 and 1976. The jackal (Canis adustus) was the predominate wildlife species involved (69%) and played a role in the epidemiology of bovine rabies in remote farm areas. Rabies appears to be absent from the intact wildlife communities in Zambia, especially the National Parks; this is considered in the light of the epidemiology of the disease in wildlife.

Several experimental trypanocidal compounds, 6-amidino-2-(4-amidinophenyl)indole dilactate (DAPI), DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), 2-(dimethylamino)-4'-[(1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole-5-yl) methoxy] aceto-anilide (Ro 15-0216), sinefungin, and triacetylbenzene-tris(guanylhydrazone)trimethanesulfonate hydrate (TBG-MS) were tested to evaluate their ability to cure mouse infections with a multiple drug-resistant Trypanosoma brucei brucei stock (CP 547). This stock proved to be drug-resistant against diminazene aceturate, homidium chloride, isometamidium, quinapyramine sulfate, Mel B, and pentamidine isethionate but fully sensitive to suramin. Compared with the sensitive stock CP 462, the drug-resistant stock CP 547 was completely resistant to 16-fold the curative dose of sinefungin and partially resistant to 4-fold the curative dose of DAPI and to 13-fold the curative dose of TBG-MS, a dose that killed 25% of the animals due to its toxicity. Ro 15-0216 cured all mice when 18 times the usual curative dose level was given. DFMO was equally effective against both stocks.