Wind loads on residential scale rooftop photovoltaic panels

Naeiji, Amir; Raji, Farzaneh; Zisis, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2017.06.006

Cited by 64 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Many studies determine the aerodynamic characteristics of tilted panels or their supporting structure. Naeiji et al [5] showed that the most critical parameter is the angle at which the panel is tilted, α. Wind-induced loads are primarily due to pressure equalization for small angles of tilt and turbulence for large angles [6,7]. For a stand-alone panel that faces the direction of flow, Chung et al [8] showed that an increase in α (15 • -25 • ) results in a decrease in the unit sectional uplift coefficient in a uniform flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Loads on a Solar Panel at High Tilt Angles

2019

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A solar photovoltaic system consists of tilted panels and is prone to extreme wind loads during hurricanes or typhoons. To ensure the proper functioning of the system, it is important to determine its aerodynamic characteristics. Offshore photovoltaic (PV) systems have been developed in recent years. Wind loads are associated with wind, wave climates, and tidal regimes. In this study, the orientation of a single panel is adjusted to different angles of tilt (10°–80°) and angles of incidence for wind (0°–180°) that are pertinent to offshore PV panels. The critical wind loads on a tilted panel are observed at lower angles of incidence for the wind, when the angle of tilt for the panel is greater than 30°.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Loads on a Solar Panel at High Tilt Angles

2019

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“…The WOW EF is capable of producing wind speeds of up to ∼70 m/s that is equivalent of a category five hurricane as per Saffir-Simpson scale. This facility has greatly contributed to the wind engineering community through large-and full-scale testbased research on various aspects which include, among others, wind induced loads on roof components (Habte et al, 2015;Moravej et al, 2017;Gan Chowdhury and Moravej, 2018;Sayyafi et al, 2018) and rooftop solar panels (Moravej et al, 2015;Naeiji et al, 2017). In the present study, spires and roughness elements (Figure 1) were used to generate an Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) wind profile for an open terrain condition.…”

Section: Wow Experimental Setup and Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Aerodynamic Uplift Loads Using Roof Integrated Wind Turbine Systems

Chowdhury

Moravej

Zisis

et al. 2019

Front. Built Environ.

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Coastal areas of the US are affected by extreme wind events, including hurricanes. Roofs are the most vulnerable building components as they are often damaged by high wind uplift forces acting on the edges and corners. This study investigates the application of a mitigation strategy, in the form of an Aerodynamics Mitigation and Power System (AMPS) (US Patent, Gan Chowdhury et al., Patent Number: US 9,951,752 B2, April 2018), designed to simultaneously reduce wind damage and provide power to buildings. The system consists of horizontal axis wind turbines, integrated to roof edges with or without gutters. Four sets of testing on a flat roof low rise building model (without gutters)-including a bare deck configuration (i.e. without AMPS) and three cases where the roof corner was fitted with AMPS-were conducted at the Wall of Wind Experimental Facility at Florida International University. In one of the configurations, the wind turbines were placed slightly above the roof edge, while in the other two configurations, the turbines were placed closer to the roof edge. Wind directions tested ranged from 0 • to 90 • (considering roof geometric symmetry). Estimation of areaaveraged mean and peak pressure coefficients were made for various locations on the roof for the three different configurations, and compared with the case of no mitigation. Results show that for wind directions tested, significant reduction in mean and peak pressure coefficients (reduced suction) were obtained in those cases where the wind turbines were placed closer to the roof edge as compared to the bare roof deck case. Flow visualization studies showed that the turbines helped to disrupt the conical vortices caused by cornering winds, thereby reducing the wind uplift forces on the roof. This study shows that the AMPS can be utilized to prevent wind-induced damage to the roof. Future research will include estimation of the: (1) potential wind energy production using the mitigation system under various wind conditions, (ii) effectiveness of AMPS in mitigating wind loading on other kinds of buildings (e.g., gable and hip roof buildings), and (iii) load transferred from the system to the roof.

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“…For instance, Aly and Bitsuamlak, 1 Banks, 2 Browne et al., 3 Cao et al., 4 Erwin et al., 5 Kopp 6 and Naeiji et al. 7 and Wood et al. 8 investigated wind loading characteristics of SP systems mounted on roofs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of aerodynamic loads on ground-mounted solar panel arrays: The panel spacing and inclination angle effect

Yemenici

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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The influence of panel inclination, wind direction, and longitudinal panel spacing on the wind loads of the model of ground-mounted solar panel arrays scaled 1:20 in a wind tunnel was investigated for a Reynolds number of 1.3 × 105. The experiments were carried out at the panel inclination of 25° and 45°, dimensionless panel spacing in tandem of 0.5 and 1, and the wind directions of the incoming flow were varied from 0° to 180° at 30° intervals. A constant temperature anemometer was used to measure the velocity and turbulence intensities, and a pressure scanner system measured static pressures. The results indicated that the net pressure coefficients of the solar panels were increased with the panel inclination angle and spacing between solar panels, and the maximum wind loads were obtained on the first windward panel. It was also observed that in terms of maximum uplift and drag, 180° and 0° was found to be the critical wind direction, respectively. In contrast, in terms of overturning moments, 30° and 150° were the critical wind directions.

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Wind loads on residential scale rooftop photovoltaic panels

Cited by 64 publications

References 14 publications

Wind Loads on a Solar Panel at High Tilt Angles

Wind Loads on a Solar Panel at High Tilt Angles

Mitigation of Aerodynamic Uplift Loads Using Roof Integrated Wind Turbine Systems

Experimental study of aerodynamic loads on ground-mounted solar panel arrays: The panel spacing and inclination angle effect

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