Wind loads on solar panels mounted on flat roofs: Effect of geometric scale

Alrawashdeh, Hatem; Stathopoulos, T.

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104339

Cited by 41 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At present, there are little research works on mechanical behavior of the PV modules and mainly focusing on the following aspects: (1) The researches on the overall strength of the modules under external load (such as wind load) [2] [3]; (2) The stress and strain of the cell layer of the modules under thermal cycles [4] [5] [6]. In these researches the cell layer was treated as a continue one and the stress was calculated via the finite element method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Analytical Approach for Stress Calculation of Solar Cells

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Analytical Approach for Stress Calculation of Solar Cells

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…For reducing wind damage to PV systems, it is necessary to estimate the wind loads on PV panels accurately and to evaluate the wind resistant performance of PV systems appropriately. Many researchers have experimentally and/or numerically investigated the wind loads on tilted PV panels installed on the ground [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] or on flat roofs of large commercial buildings [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. By comparison, only a few investigations have been made of the wind loads on PV panels installed parallel to sloped roofs of residential houses [22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Numerical Simulation to the Estimation of Wind Loads on Photovoltaic Panels Installed Parallel to Sloped Roofs of Residential Houses

Uematsu

Yambe

Yamamoto

2022

Wind

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Many residential houses with sloped roofs are equipped with photovoltaic (PV) systems. In Japan, PV systems are generally designed based on JIS C 8955, which specifies wind force coefficients for designing PV panels. However, no specification is provided to the PV panels installed near the roof edges where high suctions are induced. When installing PV panels in such high-suction zones, we need to evaluate the wind loads on the PV panels appropriately, usually by performing a wind tunnel experiment. However, it is difficult to make wind tunnel models of PV panels with the same geometric scale as that for the building, e.g., 1/100, because the thickness of PV panels and the distance between PV panels and a roof are both several centimeters. Therefore, in the present paper a numerical simulation is applied to the estimation of pressures in the space between the lower surface of PV panels and the roof surface, called “layer pressures”, using the unsteady Bernoulli equation and the time histories of external pressure coefficients obtained from a wind tunnel experiment. An assumption of the weak compressibility of the air and an adiabatic condition is made for predicting the layer pressures from the flow speed through the gaps. The simulation method is validated by a wind tunnel experiment using a model of square-roof building.

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“…Wang et al (2020) found that small-scale local separations at the higher edges of the solar panels are also responsible for the large peak of uplift. Alrawashdeh and Stathopoulos (2020) proved that geometric test scaling is an important parameter in simulating solar panel models in atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels, particularly when considering design wind loads. Although there is a number of studies above focusing on wind loads on roof top solar arrays, many of them are contradictive (Stathopoulos et al 2012) and it is difficult to generalize experimental data from different wind tunnel tests for the application of building code provisions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind load characteristics of photovoltaic panel arrays mounted on flat roof

Mao

et al. 2022

Eng. Res. Express

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To quantify design wind load of photovoltaic panel array mounted on flat roof, wind tunnel tests were conducted in this study. Results show that the first and the last two rows on the roof are the most unfavorable ones regarding to the wind load. Influences of array spacing, panels’ tilt angle and parapet height on wind load of the panels are studied. Most unfavorable lift force of panels decreases with increase of array spacing for middle located panels. The aerodynamics are similar to flow over repeated hills. Middle located unit got greater turbulence, which leading to unfavorable Cfp_min. While the changing amplitude of most unfavorable wind pressure is small increase with array spacing. Cfp_max and Cfp_min of panel units shows quite strong dependence on tilt angle. There is significant pressure equalization for small tilt angle cases. The local flow separation is responsible for Cfp_min of larger tilt angle cases. Parapet height of 2h (h is the panel height projected on the vertical plane) is the critical height for Cfp_max and Cfp_min. Increasing parapet height can significantly reduce the wind load of panel units. Design pressure coefficient of the basic working condition with different area sizes at different location are proposed.

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Wind loads on solar panels mounted on flat roofs: Effect of geometric scale

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

A Simple Analytical Approach for Stress Calculation of Solar Cells

A Simple Analytical Approach for Stress Calculation of Solar Cells

Application of a Numerical Simulation to the Estimation of Wind Loads on Photovoltaic Panels Installed Parallel to Sloped Roofs of Residential Houses

Wind load characteristics of photovoltaic panel arrays mounted on flat roof

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