Wireless Communication for Factory Automation: an opportunity for LTE and 5G systems

Holfeld, Bernd; Wieruch, Dennis; Wirth, Τ.; Thiele, Lars; Ashraf, Shehzad; Huschke, J.; Aktaş, Ismet; Ansari, Junaid

doi:10.1109/mcom.2016.7497764

Cited by 185 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Factory automation (also referred to as discrete automation or discrete manufacturing), according to 3GPP [8], requires user-plane reliability of 1 − 10 −4 with user-plane E2E latency of 10 ms and jitter of 100 µs. However, in some other sources, this use case is characterized with an extreme reliability requirement of 1 − 10 −9 or more [9]- [12], with a more demanding user-plane latency of 1 ms (for local monitoring and control setups) and 5 ms for (remote setups) and jitter of 1 µs [10]. Process automation, which is related to production of goods in bulk quantities, requires user-plane reliability of 1 − 10 −6 and E2E latency of 50 ms and jitter of 20 ms, according to 3GPP [8].…”

Section: Urllc Use Cases and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Access in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC)

Popovski

Stefanović

Nielsen

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

391

216

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The future connectivity landscape and, notably, the 5G wireless systems will feature Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). The coupling of high reliability and low latency requirements in URLLC use cases makes the wireless access design very challenging, in terms of both the protocol design and of the associated transmission techniques. This paper aims to provide a broad perspective on the fundamental tradeoffs in URLLC as well as the principles used in building access protocols. Two specific technologies are considered in the context of URLLC: massive MIMO and multi-connectivity, also termed interface diversity. The paper also touches upon the important question of the proper statistical methodology for designing and assessing extremely high reliability levels.

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Section: Urllc Use Cases and Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Access in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC)

Popovski

Stefanović

Nielsen

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

391

216

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…• Scale: this is motivated by the sheer amount of devices, antennas, sensors and other nodes which pose serious challenges in terms of resource allocation and network design. Scale is highly relevant for missioncritical machine type communication use cases (e.g., industrial process automation) which are based on a large number of sensors, actuators and controllers requiring communication with very high reliability August 24, 2018 DRAFT and low end-to-end latency [4], [17] 1 . In contrast to cumbersome and time-consuming Monte-Carlo simulations, mathematical tools focused on large system analysis which provide a tractable formulation and insights are needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrareliable and Low-Latency Wireless Communication: Tail, Risk, and Scale

2018

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Ensuring ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) for 5G wireless networks and beyond is of capital importance and is currently receiving tremendous attention in academia and industry. At its core, URLLC mandates a departure from expected utility-based network design approaches, in which relying on average quantities (e.g., average throughput, average delay and average response time) is no longer an option but a necessity. Instead, a principled and scalable framework which takes into account delay, reliability, packet size, network architecture, and topology (across access, edge, and core) and decisionmaking under uncertainty is sorely lacking. The overarching goal of this article is a first step to fill this void.Towards this vision, after providing definitions of latency and reliability, we closely examine various enablers of URLLC and their inherent tradeoffs. Subsequently, we focus our attention on a plethora of techniques and methodologies pertaining to the requirements of ultra-reliable and low-latency communication, as well as their applications through selected use cases. These results provide crisp insights for the design of lowlatency and high-reliable wireless networks. Index TermsUltra-reliable low-latency communication, 5G and beyond, resource optimization, mobile edge computing. I. IntroductionThe phenomenal growth of data traffic spurred by the internet-of-things (IoT) applications ranging from machine-type communications (MTC) to mission-critical communications (autonomous driving, drones and augmented/virtual reality) are posing unprecedented challenges in terms of capacity, latency, reliability, and [4]. This is further exacerbated by: i) a growing network size and increasing interactions between nodes; ii) a high level of uncertainty due to random changes in the topology; and iii) a heterogeneity across applications, networks and devices. The stringent requirements of these new applications warrant a paradigm shift from reactive and centralized networks towards massive, low-latency, ultra-reliable and M. Bennis is with the Centre for wireless communications,

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“…The existing factory automation generally utilizes unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands and benefits from their wider bandwidths in handling large traffic volumes. However, the reliability targets of below 10 ms can not meet with the existing solutions [105], and also the unlicensed mode of operation requires the careful design of minimizing or avoiding interference being subject to strict regulatory constraints. Considering these drawbacks of utilizing unlicensed bands or factory automation applications, the authors in [106] demonstrated the possibility of utilizing 5G cellular licensed band as an alternative option for factory automation applications, and also showed the significance of utilizing integrated unlicensed and licensed bands in terms of economic viability.…”

Section: E Spectrum Coexistence and Tradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

et al. 2020

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The capacity and coverage requirements for 5G and beyond wireless connectivity will be significantly different from the predecessor networks. To meet these requirements, the anticipated deployment cost in the UK is predicted to be in between £30bn-£50bn, whereas the current annual capital expenditure (CapEX) of the mobile network operators (MNOs) is £2.5bn. This prospect has vastly impacted and has become one of the major delaying factors for building the 5G physical infrastructure, whereas other areas of 5G developments are progressing at their speeds. Due to the expensive and complicated nature of the physical network infrastructure and spectrum, the second-tier operators, widely known as mobile virtual network operators (MVNO), are entirely dependent on the MNOs. In this paper, an extensive study is conducted to explore the possibilities of reducing the 5G deployment cost and developing business models. This study suggests that the use of existing public infrastructure (e.g., streetlights, telephone poles, etc.) has a great potential to contribute to a reduction of about 40% to 60% anticipated cost for the 5G network. This paper also reviews the recent Ofcom initiatives to release location-based licenses of the 5G-compatible radio spectrum at a nominal cost. Our study suggests that simplification of infrastructure and spectrum will encourage the exponential growth of scenario-specific cellular networks and will potentially disrupt the current business models of telecommunication business stakeholders -specifically MNOs and TowerCos. These scenario-specific networks are expected to be: a) private networks, b) community networks, and c) microoperators. Furthermore, due to the feasibility of dense device connectivity with 5G, the resolution of traditional and nontraditional data availability will increase significantly. This will encourage extensive data harvesting as a business opportunity and function within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as within large social networks. Consequently, the rise of new infrastructures and spectrum stakeholders is anticipated. This will fuel the development of a 5G data exchange ecosystem where data transactions are deemed to be high-value business commodities. The privacy and security of such data, as well as definitions of the associated revenue models and ownership, are challenging areas -and these have yet to emerge and mature fully. In this direction, this paper proposes the development of a unified data hub with layered structured privacy and security along with blockchain and encrypted off-chain based ownership/royalty

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Wireless Communication for Factory Automation: an opportunity for LTE and 5G systems

Cited by 185 publications

References 8 publications

Wireless Access in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC)

Wireless Access in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC)

Ultrareliable and Low-Latency Wireless Communication: Tail, Risk, and Scale

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

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