Wireless Power Transfer: Systems, Circuits, Standards, and Use Cases

Mulders, Jarne Van; Delabie, Daan; Lecluyse, Cédric; Buyle, Chesney; Callebaut, Gilles; Perre, Liesbet Van der; Strycker, Lieven De

doi:10.3390/s22155573

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…To avoid intensive maintenance, this article evaluates novel techniques for extending the lifetime of IoT devices, comparing the following three options: Using uncoupled wireless power transfer approaches such as laser power transfer or radio frequency (RF) power transfer to recharge the IoT node’s batteries. These techniques feature wireless power over longer distances combined with lower efficiencies compared with the coupled WPT techniques [ 4 ]. Engaging UVs deployed as a mobile power bank to charge batteries on-site.…”

Section: System and Iot Node Architecture And Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using uncoupled wireless power transfer approaches such as laser power transfer or radio frequency (RF) power transfer to recharge the IoT node’s batteries. These techniques feature wireless power over longer distances combined with lower efficiencies compared with the coupled WPT techniques [ 4 ].…”

Section: System and Iot Node Architecture And Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The survey in [ 4 ] summarizes the wireless power transmission technologies, subdivided in coupled and uncoupled approaches. The latter allows higher operating distances compared with the coupled technologies.…”

Section: Models For Energy Provisioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UAV-Based Servicing of IoT Nodes: Assessment of Ecological Impact

Mulders

Cappelle

Goossens

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Internet of Things (IoT) nodes get deployed for a variety of applications and often need to operate on batteries. This restricts their autonomy and/or can have a major ecological impact. The core idea of this paper is to use a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to provide energy to IoT nodes, and hence prolong their autonomy. In particular, the objective is to perform a comparison of the total energy consumption resulting from UAV-based recharging or battery replacement versus full provisioning at install time or remote RF-based wireless power transfer. To that end, an energy consumption model for a small license-free UAV is derived, and expressions for system efficiencies are formulated. An exploration of design and deployment parameters is performed. Our assessment shows that UAV-based servicing of IoT nodes is by far more beneficial in terms of energy efficiency when nodes at distances further than a few meters are serviced, with the gap increasing to orders of magnitude with the distance. Our numerical results also show that battery swapping from an energy perspective outperforms recharging in the field, as the latter increases hovering time and the energy consumption related to that considerably. The ecological aspects of the proposed methods are further evaluated, e.g., considering toxic materials and e-waste.

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Section: System and Iot Node Architecture And Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System and Iot Node Architecture And Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UAV-Based Servicing of IoT Nodes: Assessment of Ecological Impact

Mulders

Cappelle

Goossens

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…The size of the IBMD should be minimized to ease the surgical intervention and mitigate trauma to the patient. Moreover, electromagnetic field safety consideration is essential because of heat generation inside the tissues through exposure to the electromagnetic field [13,14]; however, IBMDs and BMSs are invaluable for observing, diagnosing, and treating many health issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powering implanted sensors that monitor human activity using spider‐web coil wireless power transfer

Mahmood

Gharghan

Soliman

2023

IET Power Electronics

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Implantable biomedical devices (IBMD) and biomedical sensors (BMS) enhance patients’ quality of life by monitoring vital signs, detecting diseases, and replacing malfunctioning organs. However, IBMDs and BMSs require battery power to operate, and they have limited battery life. Wireless power transfer (WPT) is one practical way to address this limitation. In this paper, the authors designed and implemented WPT‐based magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) using a spider‐web coil (SWC) (WPT–MRC–SWC) that supplies the proposed IBMD, including accelerometer sensors, the single‐chip microcontroller ATmega 328, and the nRF24L01 wireless protocol, with power. The WPT–MRC–SWC examines acceleration measurements on three knee‐joint axes (X, Y, and Z) in five different positions: sitting, standing, walking, lying down, and jogging. The SWC of transmitters and receivers (implanted) exhibits an operating frequency of 1.78 MHz with a series/parallel (S/P) configuration. The implanted system's data, transmitted outside the human body using nRF24L01, operates at 2.4 GHz. The results reveal that WPT provides 5 V at an air gap of 60 mm between the receiver and transmitter coils, indicating that it can run or charge IBMD batteries without failure. This study validates the effectiveness of the WPT–MRC–SWC by applying it to an actual application.

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“…Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are prospective power transfer technologies in electrical areas [1][2][3][4]. The analysis and calculation of the electromagnetic field of WPT systems has received considerable attention from researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Magnetic Field Magnetoinductive Wave Characteristics of a Wireless Power Transfer System

Kang

Zeng

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This study analyzes the magnetic field wave characteristics of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system from a time-varying view in the nonradiative near field. Phenomena of both forward and backward traveling waves were found. These wave phenomena refer to magnetoinductive waves (MIWs) according to the findings in this study and MIW theory and characteristics. A traditional MIW only appears in the MIW waveguide, which is always constructed by many parallel coils. However, this study analyzed MIWs in a two-coil WPT system, proving that MIWs exist not only in a multi-coil system but also in a basic two-coil system. The velocity of MIWs, a kind of a phase velocity, was calculated. An approximate equation for evaluating wave velocity is proposed. Furthermore, the MIWs in the two-coil WPT system were extended into a more general situation. In this general situation, two separated standing waves were set, and a traveling wave was generated by those two standing waves. The result explains the mechanisms of MIWs in a general situation from a time-varying view. Lastly, a simulation was conducted to verify the accuracy of the study. The results demonstrated that MIWs exist, and the approximate equation is correct. This study presents a novel view on the mechanisms of the WPT system from a wave view.

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Wireless Power Transfer: Systems, Circuits, Standards, and Use Cases

Cited by 71 publications

References 142 publications

UAV-Based Servicing of IoT Nodes: Assessment of Ecological Impact

UAV-Based Servicing of IoT Nodes: Assessment of Ecological Impact

Powering implanted sensors that monitor human activity using spider‐web coil wireless power transfer

Analysis of the Magnetic Field Magnetoinductive Wave Characteristics of a Wireless Power Transfer System

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