Wireless Power Transfer Systems Using Metamaterials: A Review

Lee, Woosol; Yoon, Yong-Kyu

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3015176

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…(6) New material for IPT charger systems, such as using metamaterials [17,18]. These materials aim for mid-range IPT approach where both efficiency and distance are extended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of Inductive Charging Systems Under Misalignment Conditions: A Review for Electric Vehicles

Ramezani

Triviño-Cabrera

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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Inductive power transfer (IPT) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is an emerging technology that can transfer power wirelessly over certain distances, thus offering some remarkable characteristics in terms of flexibility, position and movability. The output power of an IPT system depends on the coupling factor of the magnetic couplers which can deviates from the nominal operating conditions due to occurrence of misalignment. Nevertheless, misalignment of the magnetic couplers in inductive charging is inevitable, and it usually results in the variation of the mutual inductance and output power of the system with corresponding decrease in the system overall efficiency. So far, the literature has reported various techniques for achieving designs with higher misalignment tolerance. The reported techniques can be mainly classified into three categories, as viewed from the following aspects: magnetic couplers layouts, compensation networks and control strategy. Each of these techniques has its pros and cons in terms of implementation cost, system layout, efficiency, power density and reliability depending on the application. With the increased investigation of more applications of IPT, new modified techniques of improving the misalignment tolerance in the IPT system are continuously being proposed based on permutations and combinations of the existing ones; thus causing some confusion and difficulties for researchers and system vendors to follow. This paper, therefore, aims to provide a comprehensive review of the existing methods for IPT systems that address the misalignment issue in EVs wireless charging. A review of the IPT system is presented and an investigation of the numerous factors affecting the output power and performances of the system when the coils are not aligned. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique on the IPT system's performance are analyzed in detail.

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“…(6) New material for IPT charger systems, such as using metamaterials [17,18]. These materials aim for mid-range IPT approach where both efficiency and distance are extended.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of Inductive Charging Systems Under Misalignment Conditions: A Review for Electric Vehicles

Ramezani

Triviño-Cabrera

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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“…In the meantime, some researchers have introduced metamaterials (MTMs) for the antenna gain improvement as a form of MTM superstrates [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], where MTM superstrates help increase the antenna gain by utilizing the near-zero refraction characteristic of the MTM. MTMs are artificially designed materials that have uncommon EM properties, such as evanescent wave amplification, negative refraction, and near-zero refraction, thereby improving the antenna gain [ 23 , 24 ]. Figure 1 shows the principle of a gain improvement property of an MTM superstrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamaterial-Integrated High-Gain Rectenna for RF Sensing and Energy Harvesting Applications

Lee

Choi

Kim

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper presents a metamaterial (MTM)-integrated high-gain rectenna for RF sensing and energy harvesting applications that operates at 2.45 GHz, an industry, science, medicine (ISM) band. The novel MTM superstrate approach with a three-layered integration method is firstly introduced for rectenna applications. The integrated rectenna consists of three layers, where the first layer is an MTM superstrate consisting of four-by-four MTM unit cell arrays, the second layer a patch antenna, and the third layer a rectifier circuit. By integrating the MTM superstrate on top of the patch antenna, the gain of the antenna is enhanced, owing to its beam focusing capability of the MTM superstrate. This induces the increase of the captured RF power at the rectifier input, resulting in high-output DC power and high entire end-to-end efficiency. A parametric analysis is performed in order to optimize the near-zero property of the MTM unit cell. In addition, the effects of the number of MTM unit cells on the performance of the integrated rectenna are studied. A prototype MTM-integrated rectenna, which is designed on an RO5880 substrate, is fabricated and characterized. The measured gain of the MTM-integrated rectenna is 11.87 dB. It shows a gain improvement of 6.12 dB compared to a counterpart patch antenna without an MTM superstrate and a maximum RF–DC conversion efficiency of 78.9% at an input RF power of 9 dBm. This results in the improvement of the RF–DC efficiency from 39.2% to 78.9% and the increase of the output DC power from 0.7 mW to 6.27 mW (a factor of 8.96 improvements). The demonstrated MTM-integrated rectenna has shown outstanding performance compared to other previously reported work. We emphasize that the demonstrated MTM-integrated rectenna has a low design complexity compared with other work, as the MTM superstrate layer is integrated on top of the simple patch antenna and rectifier circuit. In addition, the number of MTM units can be determined depending on applications. It is highly envisioned that the demonstrated MTM-integrated rectenna will provide new possibilities for practical energy harvesting applications with improved antenna gain and efficiency in various IoT environments.

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“…A popular non-radiative source is a magnetic field that is generated by a conductive coil system, and power can be transferred via the same coil system on the opposite side. It is implanted in smartphones and various Internet-of-Things systems owing to its high transfer efficiency of approximately 70% within a proximity of a few centimeters [9]; beyond this, the power transfer efficiency based on magnetic field resonance or inductive coupling decreases. The efficiency can be improved by increasing the coil diameter; however, a physical size limitation exists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extendable Array Rectenna for a Microwave Wireless Power Transfer System

et al. 2021

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A rectenna is adopted in a microwave-based wireless power transfer system to rectify the received RF to DC power. Each rectenna includes a DC-DC converter at the DC output port to ensure a stable power supply and a Schottky diode for the DC-combining network. The results demonstrate that the RF-DC conversion efficiencies of the rectifier circuit and 4 × 1 rectenna were 71% and 71.2% when the unit-cell RF input level was 19 dBm and 19.6 dBm. The DC output levels of a 4 × 8 rectenna with and without the DC-DC converter were 28 V and 30 V when the unit-cell RF input level was 20.2 dBm. The RF-DC conversion efficiency was measured as 52.6% and 59.9% with and without the DC-DC converter, respectively. The Schottky diode combined with the D-DC C converter at the DC output port exhibits an increase in the DC power combining level, making it suitable for an extendable array rectenna system.

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Wireless Power Transfer Systems Using Metamaterials: A Review

Cited by 55 publications

References 97 publications

Operation of Inductive Charging Systems Under Misalignment Conditions: A Review for Electric Vehicles

Operation of Inductive Charging Systems Under Misalignment Conditions: A Review for Electric Vehicles

Metamaterial-Integrated High-Gain Rectenna for RF Sensing and Energy Harvesting Applications

Extendable Array Rectenna for a Microwave Wireless Power Transfer System

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