2001
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.21-19-07733.2001
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Wisconsin Card Sorting Revisited: Distinct Neural Circuits Participating in Different Stages of the Task Identified by Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) has been used to assess dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Previous brain imaging studies have focused on identifying activity related to the set-shifting requirement of the WCST. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the pattern of activation during four distinct stages in the performance of this task. Eleven subjects were scanned while performing the WCST and a control task involving matching two … Show more

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Cited by 863 publications
(762 citation statements)
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“…Thus, a MD lesioned rat that was not able to easily switch to a different form of outcome-encoding associations, or was having trouble using them to motivate behavior in acquisition, could useless demanding S-R associations. Thus, the rat would be able to acquire the appropriate response at the same rate as rats with MD intact, but would be unable to adjust responding when the value of the reinforcer changes.This hypothesis is supported by previous literature that implicates MD in switching strategy set (Block et al, 2007;Monchi et al, 2001). However, it has some difficulties in explaining the effect of MD lesions on operant devaluation tasks in naïve rats and macaques that had been previously exposed to other operant tasks and fearful stimuli but no explicit Pavlovian stimuli (Izquierdo & Murray, 2004b;Mitchell et al,2007).…”
supporting
confidence: 86%
“…Thus, a MD lesioned rat that was not able to easily switch to a different form of outcome-encoding associations, or was having trouble using them to motivate behavior in acquisition, could useless demanding S-R associations. Thus, the rat would be able to acquire the appropriate response at the same rate as rats with MD intact, but would be unable to adjust responding when the value of the reinforcer changes.This hypothesis is supported by previous literature that implicates MD in switching strategy set (Block et al, 2007;Monchi et al, 2001). However, it has some difficulties in explaining the effect of MD lesions on operant devaluation tasks in naïve rats and macaques that had been previously exposed to other operant tasks and fearful stimuli but no explicit Pavlovian stimuli (Izquierdo & Murray, 2004b;Mitchell et al,2007).…”
supporting
confidence: 86%
“…Participants are subsequently told whether each match is right or wrong, and trials are continued until a certain number of cards are matched correctly. The three outcomes from the WCST considered in this research included the number of trials, the percentage of errors, and the percentage of perseverative responses—all of which are considered negative indices of executive function (Monchi, Petrides, Petre, Worsley, & Dagher, 2001). These three measures were standardized and combined, and the sum was then divided by 3 to create an aggregate executive‐function score for each participant.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a result, significant activations were found only within two regions, the right IFJ and the posterior parahippocampal gyrus. Activations within the posterior frontolateral cortex have been reported in a shifting cognitive set, i.e., the switching from one response tendency based on previous experiences to a currently more suitable one (Brass and von Cramon, 2002;Konishi et al, 1999;Monchi et al, 2001;Nakahara, 2002). According to this view, a decline in IFJ activation would reflect decreasing requirements on switching between different stimulus-response associations.…”
Section: Decreasing Uncertainty By Slow Learning Effects Over the Coumentioning
confidence: 99%