Women Entrepreneurs in Turkey: Obstacles, Potentials, and Prospects

Özar, Şemsa

doi:10.1142/9781783267347_0009

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Policy makers need to consider influence of the soft issues on women's response to the hard issues because it directly impacts women entrepreneurs' attitude to access business start-up support (Lockyer and George, 2012). To develop a supporting environment, governments can set regulations to ensure that banks extend credit with low interest rates and require little collateral deposits from women entrepreneurs (Ozar, 2007). Governments' can also reduce the bureaucratic procedures required for the establishment of new ventures and make them easier to follow (Maden, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic interventions to improve women entrepreneurship in GCC countries

Faisal

Jabeen

Katsioloudes

2017

JEEE

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Purpose In Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, entrepreneurship is not a very popular option among women. The low rate of entrepreneurship as a career choice among females is attributed to factors that are specific to females in GCC region. The purpose of this paper is to understand these variables and their interrelationships that lead to low rate of adoption of entrepreneurship as a career choice among females in GCC region. Design/methodology/approach The research followed a two-stage process; first, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify barriers to female entrepreneurship in GCC region. In the second stage, the identified barriers were modeled using fuzzy interpretive structural modeling technique to construct a hierarchical structure and the impact matrix cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification approach to analyze the control power and dependence among these barriers. Findings The research shows that there exists a group of barriers having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention and of strategic importance, while another group consists of those variables that have high dependence and are the resultant actions. Practical implications This research will help policy makers to focus on variables that are most important and requires immediate attention for the development and empowerment of female entrepreneurship in the GCC region. The paper suggests future course of action to provide an impetus to efforts aimed at improving female entrepreneurship in the GCC region. Originality/value The policy makers in the GCC region have accorded high priority to entrepreneurship to reduce the dependence of population on government jobs. This research is one of the few studies on female entrepreneurship conducted in GCC region to understand the impediments that limit the adoption of entrepreneurship as a career choice by women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic interventions to improve women entrepreneurship in GCC countries

Faisal

Jabeen

Katsioloudes

2017

JEEE

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“…The gender gap in unemployment is the largest in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen, and Egypt, where the female unemployment rate is nearly four times the male unemployment rate (O'Sullivan et al, 2011). Bahramitash (2013) argues that due to gender segregation, female micro entrepreneurs tend to be invisible because women in the MENA region extend their domestic work and social roles as a new venture start up (Ozar, 2007).…”

Section: Necessity-opportunity Motivation By Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship Driven By Opportunity and Necessity: Effects of Educations, Gender and Occupation in MENA

Nasiri¹,

Hamelin²

2018

AJBR

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Issues of unemployment and gender inequality loom large in the Middle East and North Africa, and such social problems of inclusiveness are often thought to be solvable, or at least reducible, by expanding entrepreneurship. People become entrepreneurs for several reasons. Some are pulled by seeing an opportunity for business. Others are pushed by the necessity to make a living, especially when they cannot get a better job. Their motives are likely to depend on their background and circumstances. The purpose here is to account for how, in the Middle East and North Africa, gender, education, and occupation (employment) influence whether people become entrepreneurs because they are pulled by opportunity or pushed by necessity. A sample of 12,515 nascent entrepreneurs from 17 countries was surveyed by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor during 2009-2014. Representativeness of sampling enables generalization to the Middle East and North Africa. We found that whether entrepreneurs are pulled by opportunity or pushed by necessity depends on their level of education. Higher education increases the probability of being pulled by opportunity rather than being pushed by necessity, as was expected. Motive also depends on occupation. The pull of opportunity is especially frequent among entrepreneurs coming from full-time employment and from studies. The push of necessity is especially frequent among entrepreneurs coming from unemployment, as hypothesized. Surprisingly, gender has no discernible effect on the motives for becoming entrepreneur. The study contributes to understanding how people's educational background and occupational circumstances variously pull and push them to become entrepreneurs. The study suggests that education is a policy option for increasing the pull of opportunity and thereby for increasing gender equality and sustainable employment in the Middle East and North Africa.

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“…Ozdemir, 2010;Ufuk and Ozgen, 2001). Moreover, Ozar (2007) identified that the formal ways of acquiring loans, such as bank loans, are less prominent among female entrepreneurs, especially in the initial stages of their business life, and they are forced to start their business from their own capital or personal borrowings from the family and friends. Ozar (2007) identified that some of the problems of women entrepreneurs in the later stages of their business are debt payments, lack of involvement with the male business colleagues, and the resulting low demand, the obtaining of additional lines of credit, and other.…”

Section: Family Firms and Succession Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Analysis Regarding Family Impact Upon The Business Success: A Case Study in Turkey

Soyadı¹,

Akacan²,

Turgay³

2017

ojtmr

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This study was conducted on the basis of a survey analysis. Survey was distributed among the top management and executives of the family owned firms in Turkey, resulting in 75 responds obtained in total. Although the number of respondents might be perceived as low, the results seem to be reliable and valid, according to the tests of Cronbach's Alpha, Criterion related validity testing, and Structure validity testing. The main results of the research suggest that the most important factors affecting the succession process are family relations, interpersonal relations, and the succession planning process. In addition, gender issues should be addressed in order to identify the possibilities of utilizing more human resources within the company.

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Women Entrepreneurs in Turkey: Obstacles, Potentials, and Prospects

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Strategic interventions to improve women entrepreneurship in GCC countries

Strategic interventions to improve women entrepreneurship in GCC countries

Entrepreneurship Driven By Opportunity and Necessity: Effects of Educations, Gender and Occupation in MENA

An Empirical Analysis Regarding Family Impact Upon The Business Success: A Case Study in Turkey

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