Wound healing in Piaractus mesopotamicus supplemented with chromium carbochelate and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract

Wound healing and tissue repair are necessary to ensure survival and health of any organism. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of supplementation with chromium carbochelate (CC) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on wound healing in tropical teleost fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. Thus, fish were distributed into four groups: a) control (without supplementation); b) supplemented with 18 mg/kg of chromium carbochelate; c) supplemented with 0.3% of S. cerevisiae and d) supplemented with an association of both supplements. After 105 days of feeding, full-thickness skin incisions (2.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 cm) were performed removing epidermis and dermis. Macroscopic and histologic observations were carried out at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after wounding to monitor the healing rate. Opposing fronts advanced gradually and faster each day demonstrating a progressive increase in the healing process over time. The inflammatory process was exacerbated and expansive, with an increase in mucous cells and chromatophores. Although no significant differences were observed between groups on wound retraction and microscopic parameters, fish supplemented with CC and SC showed faster re-epithelialization, greater degree of organization of collagen fibers, and higher neovascularization. We concluded that supplementation with S. cerevisiae and chromium carbochelate improves specific aspects of cutaneous healing process in pacu. Keywords: Tissue repair. Chromium carbochelate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Freshwater fish. Pacu. ResumoA cicatrização e reparação de tecidos são mecanismos essenciais para garantir a sobrevivência e saúde de qualquer indivíduo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto da suplementação com carboquelato de cromo (CC) e Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) sobre a cicatrização no peixe tropical Piaractus mesopotamicus. Para isto, os peixes foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: controle (sem tratamento), suplementados com 18 mg/kg de carboquelato de cromo, 0,3% de S. cerevisiae e associação de ambos os suplementos. Após 105 dias de alimentação, foram realizadas incisões na pele de espessura completa (2,0 x 1,0 x 0,25 cm) removendo epiderme e derme. Avaliações macroscópicas e microscópicas foram realizadas 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a indução das feridas, para monitorar a taxa de cicatrização. As bordas opostas das feridas avançaram gradualmente a cada dia, demonstrando o aumento progressivo do processo de cicatrização ao longo do tempo. O processo inflamatório foi exacerbado e expansivo, com aumento no número de células mucosas e cromatóforos. Apesar deste processo, não foram observadas diferenças significativas na retração das feridas e nos parâmetros microscópicos entre os grupos. Peixes suplementados com CC ou Sc apresentaram rápida reepitelização, maior grau de organização de fibras colágenas e de neovascularização inicial. Concluiu-se que a suplementação com S. cerevisiae ou carboquelato de cromo melhora aspectos específicos do processo cicatricial no pacu. Palavras-chave: Reparo...

Mechanical induced wounds in fish – a review on models and healing mechanisms

“…A combination of cochromium carbochelate and the yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) had some effect on re‐epithelialization and organization of dermal structures in small‐scaled pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ; Bortoluzzi et al . 2017). These findings may indicate that there may be differences between fish species and the effect of feed additive on wound healing.…”

Efeitos da suplementação com vitamina E na cicatrização de feridas induzidas em Oreochromis niloticus

“…After 60 days of supplementation, the induction of surgical wounds was carried out following Bortoluzzi et al (2017). First, fish were anesthetized in an aqueous solution of benzocaine 1:20.000 (Cosenza et al, 2014).…”

“…Samples were taken at 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-days post-injury from 15 control and 15 supplemented fishes per experimental time (adapted from Bortoluzzi et al, 2017). The samples were processed using histochemical methods.…”

“…Before counting, the cell types and distribution was analyzed (Bezerril et al, 2020). To quantify the frequency, five fields were randomly selected per section regarding the degree of epithelial hyperplasia, the number of mucous and chromatophores cells, neovascularization, presence of inflammatory cells, amount of collagen, and scale formation in each group and time (Bortoluzzi et al, 2017), using a 40x objective. Results were expressed as the percentage of labeled cells and/or the number of cells (Bezerril et al, 2020).…”