X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy of chromium–oxygen systems

Abstract

X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study a series of chromium-oxygen compounds. It has been shown that the ionisation energy of the chromium 2p electrons is dependent primarily on the oxidation state of the chromium metal ion, but that small perturbations may be attributed to changes in crystal structure and hence the Madelung potential. Multiplet splitting in chromium(iii) compounds contributes to peak widths, and the chemisorption of water and oxygen has a marked effect on the observed peak profiles. In addition such chemisorption apparently contributes to the build up of surface charge, thereby complicating the precise determination of binding energies.WE report here a study in which X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy l y 2 has been used to monitor tlie behaviour of chromium and oxygen atoms in a series of chromium conipounds. Several studies of chromium compounds have appeared in the For example, Hendrickson et aL3 have reported values of the binding energy of the chromium 3p shell in a wide range of compounds including some oxides and several complexes. In an attempt to resolve tlie two expected oxygen lines in dichromate (vr) compounds, Brundle and Robin4 investigated the spectrum of sodium dicliromate(v~) but reported only a single peak. The very

Adsorbed Cr(III) on Chlorite, Illite, and Kaolinite: An X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study

“…Spectra, similar in appearance to those shown here, were obtained for Cr(III) adsorbed on kaolinite and illite. The 2p spectra are devoid of satellite features in agreement with previous XPS studies on chromium compounds (Allen et al, 1973;Allen and Tucker, 1976). The significant aspects of the XPS measurements are related to the binding-energy measurements.…”

“…The binding energy for the Cr 2p electrons was found to depend on the oxidation state of chromium (Allen et al, 1973). Binding energies for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were measured in the ranges 578.6-577.1 and 575.8-575.2 eV, respectively.…”

“…Previous investigators have used XPS to examine the chemical nature of chromium in simple inorganic compounds (Allen et al, 1973;Allen and Tucker, 1976). The binding energy for the Cr 2p electrons was found to depend on the oxidation state of chromium (Allen et al, 1973).…”

A Practical Application of X-Ray Spectroscopy in Ti-Al-N and Cr-Al-N Thin Films

“…The values of binding energies obtained for the Cr2p3/2 peak were 575.6 eV, 578.3 eV associated at Cr-N bonds and the lower value for Cr2p1/2 was 585.5 eV. According to the literature (Barshilia et al, 2007;Allen & Tucker, 1976;Geoffrey et al, 1973) for the Cr2p peak, the first composed of two peaks (575.6 eV and 578.3 eV) associated to Cr-N and Cr-O3 bonds and the second one (585.5 eV) can be assigned to Cr-N bond. The appearance of the peaks at 575.6 eV and 585.5 eV clearly shows that Cr has reacted with N. Fig.…”

Determination of chromium valence over the range Cr(0)–Cr(VI) by electron energy loss spectroscopy

“…[49]). Furthermore, valence of 3d or 4d [30]) to biologically important inorganic anions, such as transition metals can be analyzed by X-ray fluorescence SO-and PO3-is likely responsible for their ability to spectrometry (XRS) [50], X-ray photoemission spectroscopy readily transverse cell membranes, via the sulfate transport (XPS) [51], X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) [3,52], system, and be incorporated into cells (for reviews, see electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) (also known as Refs. [32,33]).…”