XRD and SEM Investigation of Swift Heavy Ion-Irradiated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Thin Films

Abstract

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films of different thicknesses are irradiated with 100 meV Ag-ion and 75 meV Oxygen-ion beams at different fluences to study the effects of swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation in PVDF. The change in physical, chemical, and surface morphological properties of irradiated films are investigated using x-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive analysis by x-ray (EDAX) techniques by taking unirradiated (pristine) films as reference. The diffraction pattern shows that PVDF polymer is in semi-crystalline form and possesses crystalline a-, b-, and c-phases. A decrease in the crystallinity and crystallite size has been observed when PVDF is irradiated with 100 meV Ag-, and also Oxygen ions at a higher fluence of 5.675 3 10 12 ions/cm 2 . However, an increase in crystallinity and decrease in crystallite size are observed when PVDF is irradiated with oxygen-ion beam at lower fluence 5.625 3 10 11 ions/cm 2 . The structural parameters such as degree of crystallinity, crystallite size, microstrain, and dislocation density have also been estimated. EDAX result shows that the chemical composition of PVDF is invariant under SHI irradiation, which is in agreement with our earlier results of FTIR. FESEM analysis shows granular microstructure with small porosity on SHI irradiation.

Effect of ion irradiation on nanoscale TiS2systems with suppressed Titania phase

“…But, no additional peak has been observed as a result of irradiation. The peaks shifting towards higher angle suggests an increase in the average crystallite size as well as decrease in microstrain in the irradiated films [16]. An observable decrease in the FWHM value reveals the increase in crystallinity which can also be witnessed by the increase of the peak intensity as we go on incresing the ion fluence.…”

Microstructural and thermal properties of fluoroelastomer/acidic surface modified carbon nanotube nanocomposites

“…Figure shows the XRD spectra of FE, CNT/FE, and MCNT/FE. With reference to related literature, the spectra of γ‐phase present peaks at 2 θ ≈ 23.92º (area under this peak can be used to obtain the crystallinity percentage), 42.21°, 46.62° ; 18.5°, 20.1°, 36.3° ; 20.6°, 22.8° ; 36.06°, 38.29° ; 23.8° and 20.3° . Besides the XRD spectra of γ‐phase of PVDF in reference , the following peaks can also be extracted, which are due to γ‐phase, that is, 12.5°, 13.2°, 16.4°, 18.7°, 22.9°, 24.9°, 27.5°, 28.2°, 29.1°, 30.7°, 31.3°, 32°, 35°, 36.3°, 37.9°, 38.6°, 39.5°, 41.4°, 42.1°, 42.9°, 45.7°, 46.4°, 47.9°, and some more peaks.…”

Effect of CoCl2–BaCl2 fillers on morphology, dielectric constant and conductivity of PVDF composite for pressure sensing application

“…The FTIR transmittance spectra were obtained for pristine and filler based PVDF for different wt% (3,6,9,12) shown in Fig. 4.…”

“…The b phase can be enhanced either by mechanical stretching of the film or through addition of filler/dopant materials [8][9][10]. Also the irradiating the PVDF film with different types of radiation causes the change in crystallinity, melting point, mechanical and electrical properties [11,12]. The b phase formation depends also on the type of solvent used in solution casting [13].…”