XXXII. <i>On the influence of magnetism on the nature of the light emitted by a substance</i>

Zeeman, P.

doi:10.1080/14786449708620985

Cited by 139 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…1). Based on the fundamental observations of Zeeman (1897) and Gerlach & Stern (1922), Isaac Rabi discovered the magnetic properties of nuclei in 1936 and developed a resonance method for their detection. Bloch (1946) and Purcell et al (1946) independently discovered the magnetic resonance of nuclei and the 'Bloch equations' were formulated.…”

Section: Development Of Nmr Spectroscopy For Quantification Of Proteimentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Kovermann

Rogne

Wolf‐Watz

2016

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

148

122

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Abstract. It is well-established that dynamics are central to protein function; their importance is implicitly acknowledged in the principles of the Monod, Wyman and Changeux model of binding cooperativity, which was originally proposed in 1965. Nowadays the concept of protein dynamics is formulated in terms of the energy landscape theory, which can be used to understand protein folding and conformational changes in proteins. Because protein dynamics are so important, a key to understanding protein function at the molecular level is to design experiments that allow their quantitative analysis. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is uniquely suited for this purpose because major advances in theory, hardware, and experimental methods have made it possible to characterize protein dynamics at an unprecedented level of detail. Unique features of NMR include the ability to quantify dynamics (i) under equilibrium conditions without external perturbations, (ii) using many probes simultaneously, and (iii) over large time intervals. Here we review NMR techniques for quantifying protein dynamics on fast (ps-ns), slow (μs-ms), and very slow (s-min) time scales. These techniques are discussed with reference to some major discoveries in protein science that have been made possible by NMR spectroscopy.

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Section: Development Of Nmr Spectroscopy For Quantification Of Proteimentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Kovermann

Rogne

Wolf‐Watz

2016

Quart. Rev. Biophys.

148

122

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“…The detection and measurement of extra-terrestrial magnetic fields has been an ongoing, flourishing activity since the end of the 19th century (following the suggestion of Zeeman, 1897) and the beginning of the 20th century. For instance, Hale (1908) was the first to confirm observationally the existence of extraterrestrial magnetic fields by observing sun-spots.…”

Section: Magnetic Fields In the Universementioning

confidence: 99%

Baryonic Processes in the Large-Scale Structuring of the Universe

Durrive

2017

Springer Theses

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“…Most current magnetic field measurements are performed using Zeeman splitting (Zeeman 1897) of maser lines (e.g., Vlemmings et al 2001. Each maser species requires different physical conditions to occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotten Egg nebula: the magnetic field of a binary evolved star

Leal-Ferreira¹,

Vlemmings²,

Diamond³

et al. 2012

A&A

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Context. Most of the planetary nebulae (PNe) observed are not spherical. The loss of spherical symmetry occurs somewhere between the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase and the PNe phase. The cause of this change of morphology is not yet well understood, but magnetic fields are one of the possible agents. The origin of the magnetic field remains to be determined, and potentially requires the presence of a massive companion to the AGB star. Therefore, further detections of the magnetic field around evolved stars, and in particular those thought to be part of a binary system, are crucial to improve our understanding of the origin and role of magnetism during the late stages of stellar evolution. One such binary is the pre-PN OH231.8+4.2, around which a magnetic field has previously been detected in the OH maser region of the outer circumstellar envelope. Aims. We aim to detect and infer the properties of the magnetic field of the pre-PN OH231.8+4.2 in the H 2 O maser region that probes the region close to the central star. This source is a confirmed binary with collimated outflows and an envelope containing several maser species. Methods. In this work we observed the 6 1,6 −5 2,3 H 2 O maser rotational transition to determine its linear and circular polarization. As a result of Zeeman splitting, the properties of the magnetic field can be derived from maser polarization analysis. The H 2 O maser emissions of OH231.8+4.2 are located within the inner regions of the source (at a few tens of AU). Results. We detected 30 H 2 O maser features around OH231.8+4.2. The masers occur in two distinct regions that are moving apart with a velocity on the sky of 2.3 mas/year. Taking into account the inclination angle of the source with the line of sight, this corresponds to an average separation velocity of 21 km s −1 . Based on the velocity gradient of the maser emission, the masers appear to be dragged along the direction of the nebula jet. Linear polarization is present in three of the features, and circular polarization is detected in the two brightest features. The circular polarization results imply a magnetic field strength of |B || | ∼ 45 mG. Conclusions. We confirm the presence of a magnetic field around OH231.8+4.2, and report the first measurements of its strength within a few tens of AU of the stellar pair. Assuming a toroidal magnetic field, this imples B ∼ 2.5 G on the stellar surface. The morphology of the field is not yet determined, but the high scatter found in the directions of the linear polarization vectors could indicate that the masers occur near the tangent points of a toroidal field.

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XXXII. On the influence of magnetism on the nature of the light emitted by a substance

Cited by 139 publications

References 0 publications

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Protein dynamics and function from solution state NMR spectroscopy

Baryonic Processes in the Large-Scale Structuring of the Universe

Rotten Egg nebula: the magnetic field of a binary evolved star

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