Y2O3 Nanoparticles and X-ray Radiation-Induced Effects in Melanoma Cells

Abstract

The innovative strategy of using nanoparticles in radiotherapy has become an exciting topic due to the possibility of simultaneously improving local efficiency of radiation in tumors and real-time monitoring of the delivered doses. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in material science to prepare phosphors for various applications including X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and in situ nano-dosimetry, but few available reports only addressed the effect induced in cells by combined exposure to different doses of superficial X-ray radiation and nanoparticles. Herein, we analyzed changes induced in melanoma cells by exposure to different doses of X-ray radiation and various concentrations of Y2O3 NPs. By evaluation of cell mitochondrial activity and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we estimated that 2, 4, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation doses are visibly altering the cells by inducing ROS production with increasing the dose while at 6 Gy the mitochondrial activity is also affected. Separately, high-concentrated solutions of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs were also found to affect the cells by inducing ROS production with the increase of concentration. Additionally, the colony-forming units assay evidenced a rather synergic effect of NPs and radiation. By adding the NPs to cells before irradiation, a decrease of the number of proliferating cell colonies was observed with increase of X-ray dose. DNA damage was evidenced by quantifying the γ-H2AX foci for cells treated with Y2O3 NPs and exposed to superficial X-ray radiation. Proteomic profile confirmed that a combined effect of 50 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs and 6 Gy X-ray dose induced mitochondria alterations and DNA changes in melanoma cells.

Sustainable Green Synthesis of Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) Nanoparticles Using Lantana camara Leaf Extracts: Physicochemical Characterization, Photocatalytic Degradation, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Potency

“…Then, 10 g of leaf powder was mixed thoroughly with 200 mL of double distilled water and heated for 10 min at 60 °C. This was followed by cooling and filtration through Whatman No.1 filter paper to afford the leaf extract [ 55 , 56 ]. The filtered extract was collected and kept for further studies.…”

“…The dried leaves were pulverized in a sterile electric blender to obtain a fine powder and stored in an airtight bottle avoiding sunlight for further use. Then, 10 g of leaf powder was mixed thoroughly with 200 mL of double distilled water and heated for 10 min at 60 • C. This was followed by cooling and filtration through Whatman No.1 filter paper to afford the leaf extract [55,56]. The filtered extract was collected and kept for further studies.…”

Research progress on nano-sensitizers for enhancing the effects of radiotherapy

“…The efficiency of intracellular X-ray was improved effectively. Porosnicu et al 77 studied the radiotherapy effect of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles combined with X-ray irradiation on A375 melanoma cells. The DNA damage of cells exposed to 50 mg mL À1 of Y 2 O 3 nanoparticles was more severe than that of 6 Gy X-ray dose irradiation alone.…”

The Promise of Nanoparticles-Based Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment

“…Ionization in combination with NPs brings about indirect necrosis or apoptosis via oxidation of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, along with mitochondrial dysfunction [ 7 , 83 , 84 ]. High-intensity ionizing radiation generates ROS, including superoxide anion radicals (O 2 − ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radicals ( • OH), through water radiolysis, and they interact with cellular biomolecules, leading to apoptosis/cellular death [ 7 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ], as well as suppressing tumor progression [ 90 ].…”