Zinc and Oxidative Stress: Current Mechanisms

Marreiro, Dilina do Nascimento; Morais, Jennifer Beatriz Silva; Beserra, Jéssica Batista; Silva, Juliana; Oliveira, Ana Raquel Soares de

doi:10.3390/antiox6020024

Cited by 451 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Very recently, Ma et al () showed that Zn applications were needed to mitigate adverse effects of drought stress on wheat growth both in pot and field experiments, and these protective effects of Zn are ascribed to better antioxidative defense mechanisms in Zn‐treated plants. Zinc is known for its diverse antioxidative effects in biological systems against reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially under stress conditions ( Cakmak , ; Broadley et al, ; Marreiro et al, ). In a comprehensive review by Cakmak () on the possible roles of Zn in protection of plants from ROS damage, it was concluded that Zn is an important factor affecting both synthesis and activity of ROS‐scavenging antioxidative enzymes, and improved Zn nutrition can be a key factor for survival of plants under oxidative stress conditions such as drought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat

Candan

Çakmak

Öztürk

2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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High zinc (Zn) concentration of seeds has beneficial effects both on seed vigor and human nutrition. This study investigated the effect of Zn biofortification on growth of young durum wheat (Triticum durum cv. Yelken) seedlings under varied Zn and water supply. The seeds differing in Zn concentrations were obtained by spraying ZnSO4 to durum wheat plants at different rates under field conditions. Three groups of seeds were obtained with the following Zn concentrations: 9, 20, and 50 mg Zn kg−1. The seeds differing in Zn were tested for germination rate, seedling height, shoot dry matter production, and shoot Zn concentration under limited and well irrigated conditions in a Zn‐deficient soil with and without Zn application. In an additional experiment carried out in solution culture, root and shoot growth and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of seedlings were studied under low and adequate Zn supply. Low seed Zn concentration resulted in significant decreases in seedling height both in Zn‐deficient and sufficient soil, but more clearly under water‐limited soil condition. Decrease in seed germination due to low seed Zn was also more evident under limited water supply. Increasing seed Zn concentration significantly restored impairments in seedling development. Drought‐induced decrease in seedling growth at a given seed Zn concentration was much higher when soil was Zn‐deficient. Increasing seed Zn concentration also significantly improved SOD activity in seedlings grown under low Zn supply, but not under adequate Zn supply. The results suggest that using Zn‐biofortified seeds assures better seed vigor and seedling growth, particularly when Zn and water are limited in the growth medium. The role of a higher antioxidative potential (i.e., higher SOD activity) is discussed as a possible major factor in better germination and development of seedlings resulting from Zn‐biofortified seeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat

Candan

Çakmak

Öztürk

2018

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…Metallothioneins are proteins which contribute in an array of defensive stress responses and protect cells from exposure to oxidants. Zinc interacts with metallothionein and induces expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) which controls production of ROS …”

Section: Possible Mechanistic Model Of Zinc In the Inhibition Of Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that zinc deficiency stimulates up regulation of NADPH‐oxidase . Besides, it has been suggested that zinc inhibits ROS production through prevention of the NADPH‐oxidase activity …”

Section: Possible Mechanistic Model Of Zinc In the Inhibition Of Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc against advanced glycation end products

Kheirouri

Alizadeh

Maleki

2018

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Summary Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are destructive compounds with pathogenic importance in age‐related chronic diseases. Zinc has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic potential. This study aimed to summarize effects of zinc on AGE formation and AGE‐induced damaging agents. Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Sciences, and Scopus databases were searched. There was no limitation for publication date. English language original articles (in vitro, experimental and human studies) which examined the effect of external zinc on AGE formation, AGE‐induced apoptosis, or oxidative stress in mammals were included. To review the effect of zinc on AGE generation, the search keywords were as follows: “zinc” in title and “AGEs” or “methylglyoxal” or “pentosidine” or “carboxymethyllysine” or “glucosylation” or “carbonyl stress” or “AGEs‐induced apoptosis or oxidative stress or inflammation” in title/abstract. In total, 90 titles and abstracts were identified. Fifty‐two studies were screened after duplicates were removed. Six articles were chosen for review following analysis of both titles and summaries. Finally, based on intensive critical appraisal, 5 articles were included in the study. The evidence presented indicates that zinc has anti‐glycation, anti‐oxidative and anti‐apoptotic effects. Zinc insufficiency may stimulate AGEs formation. Whereas, zinc supplementation could inhibit formation of AGEs, AGE‐induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress status, and protein carbonyl formation possibly through various signalling pathways.

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“…25 Furthermore, zinc has shown a protection effect by targeting apoptotic proteins, particularly the caspases, as well as other protective roles such as in oxidative stress. 26 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Mechanisms of Zinc-Mediated Inhibition for the Apoptotic Caspases-3, -6, -7, and -8

et al. 2018

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Zinc is emerging as a widely used and important biological regulatory signal. Cellular zinc levels are tightly regulated by a complex array of zinc importer and exporters to control processes such as apoptotic cell death. While caspase inhibition by zinc has been reported previously, the reported inhibition constants were too weak to suggest a critical biological role for zinc-mediated inhibition. In this work we have adopted a method of assessing available zinc. This allowed assessment of the accurate inhibition constants for apoptotic caspases, caspase-3, -6, -7 and -8. Each of these caspases are inhibited by zinc at intracellular levels, however, with widely differing inhibition constants and different zinc binding stoichiometries. Caspase -3, -6 and -8 appear to be constitutively inhibited by typical zinc levels and this inhibition must be lifted to allow activation. The inhibition constant for caspase-7 (76 nM) is much weaker than for the other apoptotic caspases (2.6–6.9 nM) suggesting that caspase-7 is not inactivated by normal zinc concentrations but can be inhibited under conditions of zinc stress. Caspase-3, -7, and -8 were found to bind three, one, and two zincs respectively. In each of these caspases, zinc was present in the active site, in contrast to caspase-6, which binds one zinc allosterically. The most notable new mechanism to emerge from this work is for zinc-mediated inhibition of caspase-8. Zinc binds caspase-8 directly at the active site and at a second site. Zinc binding inhibits formation of the caspase-8 dimer, the activated form of the enzyme. Together these findings suggest that zinc plays a critical role in regulation of apoptosis by direct inactivation of caspases, in a manner that is unique for each caspase.

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Zinc and Oxidative Stress: Current Mechanisms

Cited by 451 publications

References 61 publications

Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat

Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat

Zinc against advanced glycation end products

Multiple Mechanisms of Zinc-Mediated Inhibition for the Apoptotic Caspases-3, -6, -7, and -8

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