Background
To date, no study has investigated the association between chewing function and related parameters as a function of the degree of dementia using a finer subdivision of the values of the MiniâMental State Examination (MMSE).
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the differences in chewing function and related parameters as a function of the degree of dementia.
Methods
An analysis of crossâsectional data obtained from the OrBiD (Oral Health, Bite Force, and Dementia) pilot study was performed. The participants were stratified into five groups based on the outcomes of the MMSE (no dementia, MMSE 28â30; mild cognitive impairment, MMSE 25â27; mild dementia, MMSE 18â24; moderate dementia, MMSE 10â17; severe dementia, MMSE <10). The chewing efficiency, maximum occlusal force and related parameters (number of supporting zones, number of teeth, Eichner index, tooth/denture status, denture quality, and dental treatment needs) were recorded.
Results
The MMSE groups showed significantly different chewing efficiencies (p = .003, JonckheereâTerpstra test) and maximum occlusal forces (p = .003, JonckheereâTerpstra test), but the number of supporting zones (p = .055, chiâsquare test) and the number of natural teeth (p = .126, chiâsquare test) were not different. The Eichner index, tooth/denture status, denture quality and dental treatment need showed no significant associations with the degree of dementia.
Conclusion
An improvement in the usability of the measurement methods for assessing chewing function in people with dementia is needed. Research involving people with dementia is necessary because the nutritional situation often deteriorates rapidly within a multifactorial system, which includes chewing ability and oral health.