Zirconia-Based Biomaterials for Hard Tissue Reconstruction

Abstract

Implantable biomaterials are increasingly important in the practice of modern medicine, including fixative, replacement, and regeneration therapies, for reconstruction of hard tissues in patients with pathologic osseous and dental conditions. A number of newly developed advanced biomaterials have been introduced as promising candidates for tissue reconstruction. Among these, zirconia-based biomaterials have gained attention as a biomaterial for hard tissue reconstruction due to superior mechanical properties and good chemical and biological compatibilities. This review summarizes the types of zirconia, advantages of zirconia-based biomaterials for hard tissue reconstruction including bone and dental tissues, responses of tissue and cells to zirconia, and surface modifications for enhanced bioactivity of zirconia. Current and future applications of zirconia-based biomaterials for bone and dental reconstruction, ie, medical implanted devices, dental prostheses, and biocompatible osteogenic scaffolds, are also discussed.

Comprehensive Survey on Nanobiomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…Zirconia is one of the most useful structured ceramics because it provides high resistance to bending and fracture. However, zirconium oxide with a low fracture toughness due to the presence of alumina abrasive grains [ 371 ] also was introduced as an alternative to having excellent wear resistance due to the unwanted release of orthopedic alumina. Porous zirconia stents can be manufactured by cutting CAD/CAM blocks in the desired shape, and zirconia stents assembled with HA significantly increase the volume of new bone formation in vivo [ 372 ].…”

Statistical homogenization of polycrystal composite materials with thin interfaces using virtual element method

“…Modern composites materials are conceived to fulfil specific design requirements calling for the need of materials with increasingly high performances in terms of stiffness, strength, fracture toughness and lightness, among others. Special attention has been devoted in the last decades to advanced ceramics, namely composites with ceramic (CMC) or metal matrix (MMC) [1,2] which are gradually more used for a wide range of challenging applications, ranging from bioengineering, with the production of biocompatible ceramics for prosthesis and artificial organs [3], aerospace, defence, automotive [4] up to mechanical engineering for the production of wearing parts, seals, low weight components and fuel cells, and cutting tools with distinguished thermo-mechanical and wear properties [5]. Often ceramic composites exhibit a peculiar microstructure, characterized by polycrystals interconnected by a second-phase interphase of small thickness in comparison to the grain diameter.…”

Ceramic Restorations Based on Zirconium Dioxide for Orthopedic Dentistry

“…According to scientific research, ceramics based on zirconium dioxide does not cause allergies or signs of incompatibility in the oral cavity [6]. In addition, zirconium dioxide is biocompatible with the mucous membrane and tissues of the oral cavity [7].…”