Zn(II) and Cd(II) thiosemicarbazones for stimulation/inhibition of kojic acid biosynthesis from Aspergillus flavus and the fungal defense behavior against the metal complexes' excesses

Chemical‐ vs sonochemical‐assisted synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from a new zinc complex for improvement of carotene biosynthesis fromRhodotorula toruloidesMH023518

“…[ 77 ] Biologically, zinc is a significant element involved in many cell enzymes and is also important for the nucleic acid synthesis regulations with various metabolic pathways. [ 78,79 ] Besides, it was reported significant decrease in carotene biosynthesis at concentrations of ZnO NPs higher than the critical, [ 35 ] and this explains our results as carotenoid concentration was diminished at ZnO NPs' concentrations ≥ 50 ppm.…”

“…[77] Biologically, zinc is a significant element involved in many cell enzymes and is also important for the nucleic acid synthesis regulations with various metabolic pathways. [78,79] Besides, it was reported significant decrease in carotene biosynthesis at concentrations of ZnO NPs higher than the critical, [35] and this explains our results as carotenoid concentration was diminished at ZnO NPs' concentrations ≥ 50 ppm. In harmony with carotene production results, total lipids followed the same trend ( Figure 6): increasing ZnO NPs concentration to 50 ppm resulted in increment of total lipids to 0.97 ± 0.007 mg L −1 for the nonsonicated ZnO NPs and 1.096 ± 0.015 mg L −1 for the sonicated ZnO NPs in comparison to total lipids of 0.897 ± 0.01 mg L −1 for the control sample.…”

Pb (II) and Hg (II) thiosemicarbazones for inhibiting the broad‐spectrum pathogen Cladosporium sphaerospermum ASU18 (MK387875) and altering its antioxidant system

“…[ 7,27–31 ] These tridentate ligands are stable at room temperature and exhibit thione–thiol tautomerism in the solid form, but the thiol conformation is predominant in the ligand solution. [ 28–31 ] The reaction of Pb (II) and Hg (II) with the TSCs took place in aqueous ethanol under refluxing conditions and the solids formed were washed extensively with boiling water to remove unreacted metal precursor.…”

Preparation and crystallographic studies of a new mercuric salicylaldimine complex for fabrication of microscaled and nanoscaled mercuric sulfide as antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi

“…[70] The microbial response to mercury compounds depends on the strain sensitivity and tolerance levels against the compounds' toxic effects as these metals at high concentrations generate ROS that disrupt the cell functions, enzymatic system membrane, growth, morphology, and ATP and could lead to the cell death. [47,48,52,71] With respect to fungal growth, papers revealed that reactions between heavy metal-derived compounds and fungal cellular enzymes' sulfhydryl groups could lead to alteration of the fungal protein conformation, inactivation, and death. [49,72,73]…”

“…[45] To our knowledge, tolerance factors can cause microorganisms to survive in existence of various heavy metalderived compounds up to critical concentration upon which these compounds deactivate the membrane and cell functions leading to mutation regarding the microbial morphology and its growth [46][47][48][49][50] ; for fungi, generation of ROS mutated the cell physiology and generated morphological deformations in fungal conidia, mycelia, and vesicle. [51,52] We here, based on the ligand (HL = 2-((pyridin-3-ylimino)methyl)phenol) ( Figure 1), introduce a mercury salicylaldimine complex and explain its exact structure as determined by X-ray crystallography. Afterwards, we show hydrothermal and hydrothermal assisted ultrasonication synthetic procedures for conversion of the complex to microscaled (HgS μPs) and nanoscaled (HgS NPs) particles before assessing the microbicidal activity of the as-prepared HgS particles against eight human pathogenic filamentous fungi and yeasts.…”