“…Various methods have been used for the deposition of the ZnO seed layers which include spray pyrolysis [ 4 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], sputtering [ 20 ], spin coating [ 8 , 21 ], dip coating [ 22 ], successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) [ 23 ] among others. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis is a simple technique offering several advantages which include; low cost, better control of deposition rate and microstructures thickness, moderate deposition temperatures (300–500 °C) and wide coverage of uniform adherent films or nanoparticles [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Few studies have been published on the use of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for seed layer depositions necessitating further investigations [ 28 ].…”