Zoonotic risks from small ruminants

Ganter, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.07.015

Cited by 74 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Although the global population of goats and sheep exceeds that of pigs [138], only nine mNGS studies of samples from small ruminants were identified in our review and hence it is not surprising that reported virus diversity of small ruminants was the lowest when compared to other common farm animals. Even though zoonoses from small ruminants such as chlamydiosis are thought to be transmitted via direct contact, the example of Q fever has shown the potential for spread by inhalation of contaminated aerosol [139]. The largest Dutch Q-fever outbreak in 2007-2010 with more than 3500 cases certainly indicated that zoonotic risk from small ruminants should not be underestimated [18], and in line with the predominance of viruses as causes of emerging disease outbreaks, studies are needed to characterize the virome of small ruminants and its possible relationship to the health and disease of exposed humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Metagenomics in Farm Animals: A Systematic Review

Kwok

Nieuwenhuijse

Phan

et al. 2020

Viruses

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A majority of emerging infectious diseases are of zoonotic origin. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) has been employed to identify uncommon and novel infectious etiologies and characterize virus diversity in human, animal, and environmental samples. Here, we systematically reviewed studies that performed viral mNGS in common livestock (cattle, small ruminants, poultry, and pigs). We identified 2481 records and 120 records were ultimately included after a first and second screening. Pigs were the most frequently studied livestock and the virus diversity found in samples from poultry was the highest. Known animal viruses, zoonotic viruses, and novel viruses were reported in available literature, demonstrating the capacity of mNGS to identify both known and novel viruses. However, the coverage of metagenomic studies was patchy, with few data on the virome of small ruminants and respiratory virome of studied livestock. Essential metadata such as age of livestock and farm types were rarely mentioned in available literature, and only 10.8% of the datasets were publicly available. Developing a deeper understanding of livestock virome is crucial for detection of potential zoonotic and animal pathogens and One Health preparedness. Metagenomic studies can provide this background but only when combined with essential metadata and following the "FAIR" (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles.Viruses 2020, 12, 107 2 of 22 flocks and wild birds, suggesting that pre-existing biosecurity measurements could not keep up with the rate of livestock intensification [16]. In 2007-2010, a large-scale Q fever outbreak was reported in the Netherlands, affecting more than 3500 human cases and resulting in a huge economic loss [17,18]. A steep increase in the number of goat farms most likely was the driver for the increased prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infections, with animal abortion waves that had gone unnoticed. The policy of voluntary reporting abortion outbreaks to the Animal Health Service hindered the timely detection of the circulation of Q fever, and therefore early interventions. These examples indicate that zoonotic risks in the livestock industry should be carefully managed and adapted to livestock intensification. The One Health approach has been coined for advocating collaboration between multiple stakeholders including veterinarians, clinicians, epidemiologists, virologists, microbiologists, ecologists, and policy makers to prevent and control EIDs through the human-animal-environment interface [19]. Surveillance of livestock and the surrounding environment is a hallmark of early detection but is currently targeted to known risks.Advances in Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies and rapid development of bioinformatics and computational tools offer new opportunities for EID surveillance in quality and in scale. Particularly, metagenomic NGS (mNGS) allows unbiased detection of all microbes and viruses in a sample, showing potential for timely detection of rare or novel infectio...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus Metagenomics in Farm Animals: A Systematic Review

Kwok

Nieuwenhuijse

Phan

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Domestic animals harbor a variety of pathogens with many capable of infecting humans and causing zoonoses, such as Brucella spp and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in ruminants, and MERS coronavirus in camels (Azhar et al, 2014;Ganter, 2015;Wolfe et al, 2007). Investigation into pathogens harbored by domestic animals does not therefore benefit only animal health but is also crucial to maintain human public health.…”

Section: Virome Of Goat Sera and Ticksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomes and seroprevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and Nairobi sheep disease virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks and goats in Hubei, China

et al. 2019

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A B S T R A C TTicks are medically-important arthropods that maintain and transmit numerous emerging viruses. China suffers severely from tick-borne viral diseases such as tick-borne encephalitis and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), but the background of tick-borne viruses is very limited. Here we report the virome profiling of ticks and goat sera from SFTS-epidemic areas, and serological investigation of SFTS virus (SFTSV) and Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV). Results revealed divergent viruses in ticks and goat sera, including SFTSV and NSDV. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the SFTSV identified here was most closely related to human SFTSV in sampling and surrounding areas, and the NSDV to the previously identified NSDV from northeast China. Serological investigation of SFTSV infection in goats revealed intensive activity in those areas. Surprisingly, two different methods of NSDV serological investigation showed no sera positive for this virus.

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“…Links between antimicrobial resistance in companion animals and man have been postulated, with some evidence to support them [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Given the frequency of close contact between horses and people, understanding the threat posed to each species from the transfer of bacterial resistance (genes or organisms) from the other is essential [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%