Α Rare Morphological Study Concerning the Longest Bone of the Human Anatomy in the Population of the Northern Greece

Abstract

BackgroundThe femur is one of the most researched bones in the human anatomy and forensic medicine. As the longest bone in the human body, it is well preserved in skeletal remains. The sex estimation of human remains is one of the most important research steps for physical and forensic anthropologists. However, osteometric standards built on unburned human remains and contemporary cremated series are often inadequate for the analysis, frequently resulting in a significant number of misclassifications.MethodsIn our study, we present the anthropometric data from 500 skeletons in Northern Greece, including 232 males and 198 females, as well as 430 of known age. The diameters of the femur were measured as well as the indices of robustness. For the statistical interpretation of the results, we have used the discriminant analysis.ResultsFrom the interpretation of the data, we concluded that all the mean values, diameters and indices of the males were greater compared with those of the females. Also, we concluded that the probability of error is quite high in all cases except the vertical diameter of femur’s head, which has an acceptable percentage of error of 14.39% and can be used as a safe criterion for sex identification.ConclusionWith the aid of statistics, we came to the conclusion that the vertical diameter of the femur’s head is a safe variable for sex estimation in skeletal remains.

A statistical shape analysis for the assessment of the main geometrical features of the distal femoral medullary canal

“…Over the past decades, SSMs have found widespread application in characterizing population data sets’ variability and predicting new instances within that population ( Barratt, et al, 2008 ; Baka, et al, 2011 ; Aldieri, et al, 2020 ). In the field of orthopaedics, SSMs have been employed for many applications regarding the femur, since it is one of the most implanted districts within the skeleton ( Lindner, et al, 2013 ; Sarkalkan et al, 2014 ; Noussios, et al, 2019 ). More in detail, SSMs have been employed to automatize the segmentation of the femur from clinical images ( Bryan et al, 2010 ); to predict missing parts from portions of the distal femur ( Ramme, et al, 2011 ) or to predict more complex femoral shapes from incomplete or sparse data obtained through less invasive methods (e.g., DXA images) ( Humbert et al, 2017 ); to create new virtual instances ( Pascoletti, et al, 2021 ; La Mattina, et al, 2023 ); to classify subjects and identify diseases ( Waarsing, et al, 2010 ; Aldieri, et al, 2022 ).…”

Morphometryic analysis of proximal femoral neck and head of dry femur in Madhya Pradesh

“…The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the body and lies in the thigh [1]. The most commonly fractured parts of the femur on its proximal ends are the trochanters and neck.…”