and Elena Perekhvalskaya) which allowed us to expand our survey. Thanks also to Gary Mullin for graphic design assistance. Maria Konoshenko's participation in this research is supported, in part, by the Russian Science Foundation, project 17-78-20071 "Languages of West Africa: description and comparative analysis." The authors' names are listed in alphabetical order; each contributed equally to the manuscript.2 To remain consistent, and due to differing transcription practices in consulted sources, we use the following conventions throughout this paper to indicate tone on a given tone