丝状病毒感染的动物模型

Abstract

The family Filoviridae, which includes the genera Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus, contains some of the most pathogenic viruses in humans and non-human primates (NHPs), causing severe hemorrhagic fevers with high fatality rates. Small animal models against filoviruses using mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, and ferrets have been developed with the goal of screening candidate vaccines and antivirals, before testing in the gold standard NHP models. In this review, we summarize the different animal models used to understand filovirus pathogenesis, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each model with respect to filovirus disease research.

Application of Genetically Engineered Pigs in Biomedical Research

“…A lot has been done (pig model for influenza A infection), but still there is a need for pig models of other human viral diseases (hepatitis B; human immunodeficiency virus, HIV; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) [119]. HIV has been modeled in mice, filoviruses (Ebolavirus, Marburgvirus) have been modeled in small animals (i.e., mice, hamsters), but still, we need large models to investigate vaccines and antiviral drugs [120,121]. Transgenic pigs can also be a promising source of recombinant proteins used as pharmacological preparations.…”

Persistence and Sexual Transmission of Filoviruses

“…The use of animals to model viral pathogenesis also began fairly early following the discovery of filoviruses with increased emphasis on EBOV infections [105,106]. Although rodents are routinely used to study EBOV pathogenesis, the virus must be adapted through serial passage in order to cause symptomatic infection [106,107,108,109,110,111]. Small animal models of filovirus infections have facilitated efficacy testing for antivirals and vaccines, including those utilized in recent EVD outbreaks [107,112,113,114].…”

A Surrogate Animal Model for Screening of Ebola and Marburg Glycoprotein-Targeting Drugs Using Pseudotyped Vesicular Stomatitis Viruses

“…The diseases caused by EBOV and MARV are known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Marburg virus disease (MVD), respectively [ 2 , 5 , 6 ]. Animal models of EVD and MVD have been developed in mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, ferrets, and NHPs [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Of these, EBOV and MARV infections of NHPs are the gold-standard models because they best represent similar pathogenesis of EVD or MVD in humans [ 3 , 11 ].…”