Dans le cadre de la valorisation de la pharmacopée africaine en général et camerounaise en particulier, des décoctions de feuilles de Ricinus communis, Harungana madagascariensis, Erigeron floribundus, Chromoleana odorata et Lantana camara ont été étudiées in vitro pour leur activité antibactérienne. Trois souches bactériennes dont Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli et Bacillus subtilis souvent responsables de processus morbides ont été utilisées. Les tests ont été réalisés in vitro suivant la technique standard de macro dilution en tube et en milieu liquide. Les concentrations qui évoluaient en progression géométrique de raison deux ont permis de constater que les cinq préparations présentent une inhibition de la croissance bactérienne. Les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) variaient entre 0,05x10-2 et 2,94x10-2 gramme de Matière Sèche par millilitre (g de MS/ml) de décoction. Toutes les préparations ont une bactéricidie variable entre 0,4x 10-2 et 12,61.10-2 g de MS/ml de décoction. Les cinq décoctions présentent une action bactéricide sur S. aureus comprise entre 0,40x10-2 et 11,75x10-2 g de MS/ml. Par contre, une absence de bactéricidie est observée avec R. communis et H. madagascariensis sur E. coli et chez H. madagascariensis, E. floribundus et L. camara sur B. subtilis. Cette étude révèle une différence de sensibilité des bactéries aux décoctions étudiées. L'action bactéricide des cinq extraits est identique pour S. aureus avec un coefficient phénol de 30. La meilleure efficacité est obtenue avec E. floribundus sur E. coli et R. communis sur B. subtilis qui présente le coefficient phénol le plus élevé. Mots-clés : Antibactérien, extraits bruts, pharmacopée traditionnelle, Cameroun, Adamaoua.

To boost agricultural production, irrigation will turn out to be more reliant on inadequately described and virtually unmonitored sources of irrigation water supply. Amplified use of irrigation water has resulted in degradation of water and soil quality in numerous areas. The objective of this review is highlighting the causes, effects, and remediation of salinity in irrigated fields. The study analysed some major ions affecting the quality of irrigation water. Precisely, elements including boron, chloride, and nitrogen are harmful to crops. Consequently, it is imperative to detect their origin and consequences. Likewise, there is a need for understanding how they can be removed from irrigation waters. Continuous water quality analysis using chemical indices such as sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard and permeability index in irrigation water analysis is recommended. The review also highlights the crop tolerance in saline conditions and tolerance limits of individual crops to salinity. Salinity should be monitored for improved irrigation scheme performance. This has necessitated the application of salinity management techniques in irrigation water.

The effect of heavy metals (HMs) has been extensively studied. They cause diverse clinical manifestation through various mechanisms. Male fertility is among the most disturbing effect of HMs affecting family life in human and reproduction in animals. Notably among these effects is interference with the reproductive hormones, morphology and function of reproductive organs, sexual behaviors, and the spermiogram. Quercetin is a dietary flavanoid from edible plants and, has proven pharmacological properties in the treatment and management of many disease conditions. Quercetin ameliorates the adverse effects of HMs on male reproductive hormones by increasing the activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β- HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in the synthesis of testosterone. Quercetin chelates HMs, scavenge free radicals, and other cytotoxicant capable of disrupting the morphology and function of the male reproductive system. Apart from it neuroprotective activity on the pituitary gland and increased steroidogenesis, quercetin mitigate neurotransmitter that aid in copulation and improve histopathological changes in the brain due to HMs toxicity to improve sexual behavior. Quercetin was also found to be effective in increasing sperm count, daily sperm production, mortility, viability, and also decreased in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology due to HMs toxicity. In conclusion quercetin was found to be effective in mitigating HMs toxicity that affects male fertility, and so, it is recommended to be incorporated into the treatment and management of HMs toxicity. Individuals who are at risk of HMs toxicity should take dietary plants that contain quercetin to minimize the effects of these metals.

To boost agricultural production, irrigation will turn out to be more reliant on inadequately described and virtually unmonitored sources of irrigation water supply. Amplified use of irrigation water has resulted in degradation of water and soil quality in numerous areas. The objective of this review is highlighting the causes, effects, and remediation of salinity in irrigated fields. The study analysed some major ions affecting the quality of irrigation water. Precisely, elements including boron, chloride, and nitrogen are harmful to crops. Consequently, it is imperative to detect their origin and consequences. Likewise, there is a need for understanding how they can be removed from irrigation waters. Continuous water quality analysis using chemical indices such as sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percent, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard and permeability index in irrigation water analysis is recommended. The review also highlights the crop tolerance in saline conditions and tolerance limits of individual crops to salinity. Salinity should be monitored for improved irrigation scheme performance. This has necessitated the application of salinity management techniques in irrigation water.