AbstrakBuah kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) terbukti memiliki kandungan fitoestrogen yang diduga memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas sperma, namun sejauh ini kajian ilmiah mengenai efek buah kepel terhadap kualitas sperma belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek ekstrak buah kepel terhadap motilitas, konsentrasi, viabilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design. Ekstraksi buah kepel menggunakan metode sokletasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Sebanyak 24 ekor mencit yang dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberi akuades, kelompok I, II, dan III yang disonde ekstrak buah kepel (EBK) dengan dosis 0,65; 1,3; dan 2,6 mg/ekor maisng-masing selama 14 hari. Motilitas, konsentrasi, viabilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa dianalisis dengan mengambil sampel sperma dari kauda epididimis pada hari ke-15. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas, morfologi, dan konsentrasi spermatozoa rata-rata antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan (I, II, III) tidak berbeda signifikan (p>0,05). Persentase motilitas spermatozoa mengalami penurunan secara signifikan pada kelompok III (2,6 mg/ekor) dibanding dengan kontrol, kelompok I, dan kelompok II (p<0,05). Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak buah kepel dengan dosis 2,6 mg/ekor/hari dapat menurunkan kualitas spermatozoa sehingga berpotensi sebagai senyawa antifertilitas pada pria. [MKB. 2016;48(3):155-9] Kata kunci: Kepel (Stelechocarpus buharol), konsentrasi spermatozoa, kualitas spermatozoa, Sperm Quality of Male Balb/C Mice after Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) Fruit Extract Administration AbstractKepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) fruits contains phytoestrogen that have been shown to have a potential phytoestrogen that may affect sperm quality. However, few studies on this effect have been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect Stelechocarpus burahol administration on sperm quality in mice. This experimental study used post-test only with control-group design. The sox-chlelation method was performed to obtain the ethanol extract from kepel fruit. Twenty four mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of kepel fruit extract dose: 0 mg/mice (control or group I), 0.65 mg/mice (group II), 1.3 mg/mice (group III), and 2.6 mg/ mice (group IV). One milliliter of kepel fruit extract was administered orally every day for 14 days. On day 15 the sperm were collected and analyzed for motility, concentration, viability, and morphology. There was no effect of kepel fruit extract found among the treated groups (group I, II, III, IV) on the percentage of sperm concentration, morphology, and viability (p>0.05). However, the percentage of motility in group IV (kepel fruit extract at a dose of 2.6 mg/mice) was decreased significantly compared to control and other treatment groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, 2.6 mg/mice Kepel extract decreases sperm quality; hence, it is a potential candidate ...

Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) has been used as a contraceptive remedy in Indonesian traditional Javanese royal family. It fruit contains a toxic substances to fetus. However, few studies have been conducted on the toxic effect of kepel fruit. This paper is disclosed the effects of kepel's fruit extract on the percentage of fetus death, ovaries weight, and endometrial thickness in female mice. This study applied a post-test control group design. A 28 female of mice were divided into 4 groups. Group I (control), II, III, and IV were groups treated with kepel pulp extract using dosage 0.65, 1.30, and 3.60 mg/kg body weight (BB). The extract was dissolved in DMSO and given in 1.0 mL/mouse. The result gives implantation numbers of each group I-VI were 5.60±1.14; 6.20±1.64; 7.60±1.51; and 8.00±1.58, respectively. The percentages of fetus death 0.00%±0.00; 48.89%±22.78; 35.83%±25.27; and 30.87%±23.01 and fetus re-sorption in all groups were recorded as 0.00±0.00. Moreover, the ovaries weight of each groups I, II, III, and IV were recorded in 0.11±0.01; 0.08±0.01; 0.11±0.32; and 0.07±0.02 g, respectively. In addition, endometrial thickness was calculated as 584.86; 841.68; 659.72; and 624.10 µm. The anova test showed that insignificant difference for ovaries weight and endometrial thickness both for control and treated groups. Conversely, the LSD test showed the percentage of fetus death has a significant difference between control and treatment groups. These result suggest that kepel pulp ethanol extract has potency for anti-implantation.

The effect of heavy metals (HMs) has been extensively studied. They cause diverse clinical manifestation through various mechanisms. Male fertility is among the most disturbing effect of HMs affecting family life in human and reproduction in animals. Notably among these effects is interference with the reproductive hormones, morphology and function of reproductive organs, sexual behaviors, and the spermiogram. Quercetin is a dietary flavanoid from edible plants and, has proven pharmacological properties in the treatment and management of many disease conditions. Quercetin ameliorates the adverse effects of HMs on male reproductive hormones by increasing the activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β- HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in the synthesis of testosterone. Quercetin chelates HMs, scavenge free radicals, and other cytotoxicant capable of disrupting the morphology and function of the male reproductive system. Apart from it neuroprotective activity on the pituitary gland and increased steroidogenesis, quercetin mitigate neurotransmitter that aid in copulation and improve histopathological changes in the brain due to HMs toxicity to improve sexual behavior. Quercetin was also found to be effective in increasing sperm count, daily sperm production, mortility, viability, and also decreased in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology due to HMs toxicity. In conclusion quercetin was found to be effective in mitigating HMs toxicity that affects male fertility, and so, it is recommended to be incorporated into the treatment and management of HMs toxicity. Individuals who are at risk of HMs toxicity should take dietary plants that contain quercetin to minimize the effects of these metals.

Background: Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens) is a traditional plant that has been known to contain anti cancer components. Flavonoids and tannins were contained in sarang semut plant which are believed has cytotoxic effect against cancer cell line. This study aims at cytotoxic effect ethanolic extract of sarang semut at various concentrations on HeLa cervical cancer cell line.Design and Method: The method was quasi experimental with post test only non equivalent control group design. HeLa cell was divided into two groups. The first group as positive control with doxorubicin, second group as treatment with ethanolic extract of sarang semut at various concentrations. Ethanolic extract of sarang semut concentrations used were 3,91 μg/ml; 7,81 μg/ml; 15,63 μg/ml; 31,25 μg/ml; 62,50 μg/ml; 125 μg/ml; 250 μg/ml; 500 μg/ml; 1000 μg/ml. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated by direct counting method with tryphan blue dye then using probit regression analysis to find IC50 value.Result: Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value ethanol extract of sarang semut was 33,28 μg/ml. Ethanol extract of sarang semut had a cytotoxicity effect categorized as the moderately active (20 ìg/ml< IC50< 100ìg/ ml). Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value doxorubicin was 5,56 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity effect of doxorubisin higher than cytotoxicity effect of ethanolic extract of sarang semut.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens) had a cytotoxic effect categorized as the moderately active on HeLa cell (Sains Medika, 3(2):112-120).

Background: Wound healing is very important to return skin as soon as possible and the integration is a complex and dynamic process. Proliferation phase involving fibroblasts is one of important step-on wound healing. Use of drugs such as povidone iodine on cuts aims to accelerate wound healing is still being debated. Healing by land snails’ mucus can be an alternative because it has many benefits. This study wants to know about the influence of land snails’ mucus on the number of fibroblasts in healing cuts.Design and methods: The study is an experimental research with post test only randomized control group design. The subjects were 18 Mus musculus strain mice that were divided into 3 groups. 1st group as a control group of untreated, 2nd group was given povidone iodine 10%, and 3rd group was given land snails’ mucus during 5th days. On the 6th day the mices were killed for histological study.Results: The data showed that average number of fibroblast in 1st group is 93,85; 2nd group is 126,37; and 3rd is group 217,5. The results of one way anova statistical test showed significant difference among the three groups p = 0,000. The results of post hoc test showed significant difference in all groups (p < 0,05).Conclusion: The mucus of land snail is influence the number of fibroblast in healing cuts (Sains Medika, 4(2):195-203).