Anti-Implantation Activity of Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) Pulp Ethanol Extract in Female Mice

Abstract

Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) has been used as a contraceptive remedy in Indonesian traditional Javanese royal family. It fruit contains a toxic substances to fetus. However, few studies have been conducted on the toxic effect of kepel fruit. This paper is disclosed the effects of kepel's fruit extract on the percentage of fetus death, ovaries weight, and endometrial thickness in female mice. This study applied a post-test control group design. A 28 female of mice were divided into 4 groups. Group I (control), II, III, and IV were groups treated with kepel pulp extract using dosage 0.65, 1.30, and 3.60 mg/kg body weight (BB). The extract was dissolved in DMSO and given in 1.0 mL/mouse. The result gives implantation numbers of each group I-VI were 5.60±1.14; 6.20±1.64; 7.60±1.51; and 8.00±1.58, respectively. The percentages of fetus death 0.00%±0.00; 48.89%±22.78; 35.83%±25.27; and 30.87%±23.01 and fetus re-sorption in all groups were recorded as 0.00±0.00. Moreover, the ovaries weight of each groups I, II, III, and IV were recorded in 0.11±0.01; 0.08±0.01; 0.11±0.32; and 0.07±0.02 g, respectively. In addition, endometrial thickness was calculated as 584.86; 841.68; 659.72; and 624.10 µm. The anova test showed that insignificant difference for ovaries weight and endometrial thickness both for control and treated groups. Conversely, the LSD test showed the percentage of fetus death has a significant difference between control and treatment groups. These result suggest that kepel pulp ethanol extract has potency for anti-implantation.

FORMULATION DOSAGE FORM OF TABLET CONTAINING KEPEL LEAF EXTRACT (Stelechocarpus burahol (Blume) Hook.f & Thomson) AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

“…From the results of the study, it can be seen that the inhibition of the growth of bacterias is thought to be caused by antibacterial compounds contained in the methanol extract of kepel leaves. Kepel's leaf it known contains terpenoids and flavonoids as the secondary metabolites [6]. Leaves extracts of kepel contains flavonoids include auron, flavanones and flavanols that can be used for antibacterial agent [7].…”

Antioxidant Activities, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Methanolic Extract of Stelechocarpus burahol Fruit and its Fractions

“…The formula containing fruit pulp is known as "awetayu" (remain beautiful). 1 Some biological activities of kepel have been reported namely anti-hyperuricemic and xanthine oxidase inhibitor, 2 anti-inplantation, 3 anticancer, 4 antiseptic, 5 anti-inflammation, 6 and antioxidant activities. 7,8 It was reported that ethanol extract of kepel leaves did not induce the toxic effect on male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.…”

Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoid From Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol) Leaves Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis

“…It was reported that fuit pulp had potential as a natural deodorant since it had adsorbent function and probiotic activation by increase the growth of Bifidobacteria so the population of odorant producing bacteria will be reduced [5]. The fruit pulp of kepel also reported contains high antioxidant [6], and contains alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, saponins and quinones as well have the effect of anti-implantation [7]. Kepel's leaf contains terpenoids and flavonoids [7].…”

“…The fruit pulp of kepel also reported contains high antioxidant [6], and contains alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, saponins and quinones as well have the effect of anti-implantation [7]. Kepel's leaf contains terpenoids and flavonoids [7]. Leaves extracts of kepel contains flavonoids include auron, flavanones and flavanols that can be used for antibacterial [9].…”