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Summary Untreated wastes (0.125, 0.25, 0.50 & 1.0%) from silk industries induced both gross and individual types of chromosome abnormalities in bone marrow cells of mice. The frequency of the abnormalities increased with the increase of doses. Polyploidy and aneuploidy were found to be common among the gross, while chromatid breaks, gaps acentric fragments were most common among the individual type. The waste interferred the internal milieu of cells leading to grosstype of demages, while certain ions and reactive radicals formed during their metabolism induced the breakage in the chromosomes.