There is an increasing need to improve the fodder productivity of the common forage crops grown in the summer season in Egypt. Fertilizer management is among the common cultural practices that have a direct influence on the forage yield and growth attributes.

Study was executed to differentiate and discriminate (Medicago sativa and Trifolium alexandrinum) using DNA barcoding genes [rbcl] and Cox1 genes. Identification of (Medicago sativa (Rammah 1) was completed via rbcl and Cox1 genes and was identified as Medicago sativa voucher G00199095 ribulose1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase large subunit gene, partial cds; chloroplast Sequence ID: KJ204375.1 or Medicago sativa voucher Ahrendsen 23 for rbcl and Cox1 genes. Identity estimation were listed with 90% as alfalfa, Rammah 1 Genotype ribulose1 /5 bisphosphate carboxylase / oxygenase large subunit gene sequences ID: KJ206375.1] also, identity values of 91.24% were recorded with for alfalfa Rammah 1 Genotype, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene cox 1 sequences ID: KJ 204375.1). Trifolium alexandrinum Helaly genotype was identified as Trifolium alexandrinum (Sequence ID: HM850407.1) and Trifolium alexandrinum voucher K-016Hv (Sequence ID: KU234213.1) by rbcl and Cox1 genes respectively. Affiliation of genetic source was revealed for Trifolium alexandrinum with 100 % match with origin which indicate rising possibility for applying discrimination through comparing with Medicago sativa which reflect the lowest genetic likeness with the source. Moreover, we might detect from the available data that we can use DNA Bar-coding Technique in Discriminating the local Egyptian Clover Genotypes and Protect Them internationally. Also, DNA Bar-coding can be used to determine the genetic polymorphism in identifying superior genotypes as source of parental genotypes in Egyptian clover breeding program in future.

Thirteen populations of Egyptian clover had evaluated. Eight promising populations selected for high forage yield and five varieties were evaluated for forage yield and its components at Sakha Agricultural Research Station across two growing seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Genetic variance, phenotypic variance, heritability in broad sense, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability were studied. The results from the combined analysis of two seasons showed that Helaly variety recorded the highest of total fresh yield, total dry yield, mean plant height and mean No. of stems (0.25m 2 ) whereas (107.39 kg/plot, 2.87 kg/plot, 74.2cm. and 251.56). Heritability was high for all traits studied. Fresh forage yield was highly significance (92.9%) followed by No. of stems (86.2%). Positive correlation was obtained between dry forage yield and No. of stems (0.956 and 0.992). Also, between dry forage yield and No. of stems (0.938) and fresh leaf/stem ratio with dry leaf stem ratio (0.996). Path-coefficient analysis revealed that No. of stems had the highest positive direct effect on fresh forage yield (dependent) (0.956), followed by dry leaf/stem ratio (0.867) and plant height (0.13) independents.

Sandy soils are well known as being droughty, erodible, infertile and non economical. The main objective is to vegetate the desert with a water consumption as low as possible. Two field experiments were conducted during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. The experiments were carried out in Developing Agricultural System Project, Sinai Station, Sinai Governorate to study the effect of' nanoclay flakes treatments on revegetation of sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system with Egyptian clover var Gemmiza 1. The experiments were designed as a split-plot design with four replications, the main plots included the source of irrigation dates after 3, 5, 7 and 9 days, the subplot had nanoclay doses (0, 8.5, 17 and 25 kg/plot) at soil depth 10 cm. The results indicated that the water requirement for the Egyptian clover ranged from 2800-3000 m 3 /fed of water depending on climate and the growing period, Evaportranspiration increases from establishment of flowering stage (5-7mm/day), the irrigation interval of 7 days showed the highest forage yield, the dose of 17Kg/plot nanoclay flakes had significant effect on forage yield. Also, the obtained results revealed that yield components have been increased due to the nanoclay treatment with high significancy compared to the untreated area by increasing the availability of water for crop use by 50%. Treating the sandy soil with clay nano flakes resulted in significant differences in Egyptian clover yield and led to increasing the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, contents and decreasing the water consumption rate by 50%.