A B S T R A C TAn algorithm is proposed for the interpretation of resistivity data that allows the 3D parameters (the boundary in plan view and the depth range) of an anomalous resistivity object in a heterogeneous medium to be determined. The proposed method is based on a vector analysis of the apparent resistivity of soil obtained by a pole-pole survey within the measurement window. In the first stage of the algorithm, in each measurement window, the radius vector is calculated, and as a result, vector images of the main directions of change in the resistivity of the medium are constructed. This allows us to estimate the location of a local anomalous object and to correlate the resistivity of the object with that of the background medium. With a consistent variation in the effective depth of investigation, a set of vector images is formed that characterizes the apparent resistivity distribution in the soil layers. Mathematical analysis of the vector images by using the scalar product allows us to estimate the depth range of the anomalous object. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been proven on synthetic models and in comprehensive investigations of archaeological sites. The proposed method does not allow the true resistivity of an anomalous object to be determined, which is a disadvantage. However, this simple algorithm for processing and analysing shallow electrical prospecting data can be directly used at the preliminary data processing stage during a field survey. First, a pole-pole array can be rapidly operated by a single person; second, the user does not need special knowledge in the field of electrical resistivity data processing. The estimated 3D boundaries of local objects will make it possible to determine the area of interest for further detailed surveying and to justify all the parameters of the measurement technique (distance between electrodes, depth range etc.).

In the modern era and especially in the 20th century, the territory with most of the archaeological sites in central Russia and the Urals was used as agricultural land. The history of long-term studies of medieval Finno-Ugric settlements (Cis-Urals) makes it possible to distinguish segments of an occupation layer in various states of preservation: superficially disrupted, replaced and transported. Superficially disrupted and replaced layers are found at the settlement site and are believed to be residential and economic areas . The transported layer is mainly transported to the slopes of the terraces to which the sites of the Chepetskaya culture are assigned. Therefore, it is necessary to study not only the site of the settlement itself but also the adjacent territory. To reconstruct the boundaries and structure of medieval settlements, a new methodological approach has been proposed. Initially, a statistical analysis of multispectral aerial photography data was carried out: the calculation of Haralick's textural features; the reduction in the number of features by principal component

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Arranging effective state protection of historical and cultural heritage objects requires developing modern methods of identifying archaeological sites and determining their boundaries. To solve this task, an algorithm of interdisciplinary research based on the analysis of multispectral data obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed. To search for areas of the surface-transformed and substituted cultural layer, it is proposed to use a processing method based on the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Using the Shannon–Kotelnikov wavelet function to study the medieval Kushman settlement of Uchkakar enabled assessing the preservation of the cultural layer in various parts of the settlement. The correctness of the proposed interpretation is confirmed by the data of geophysical studies, soil drilling and materials of archaeological excavations. Complex application of multispectral aerial photography, geophysics and soil investigation made it possible to obtain reliable cartographic information on the boundaries of the archaeological sites and the preservation of their cultural layer in a short time. The effectiveness of the algorithm is that each successive method verifies the previously obtained data and at the same time supplements the information on the archaeological sites.