AbstrakTindakan intubasi merupakan salah satu penyebab trauma mukosa jalan napas tersering yang mengakibatkan nyeri tenggorok pascaintubasi atau post operative sore throat (POST), telah dilaporkan insidensi ini sekitar 6-50% setelah tindakan anestesi umum endotrakeal. Salah satu cara pencegahan POST adalah dengan menggunakan ketamin kumur sebelum induksi, karena ketamin mempunyai kemampuan sebagai antinosisepsi dan antiinflamasi. Limapuluh pasien dengan ASA I-II, yang telah dilakukan tindakan operasi elektif kasus ginekologi dengan anestesi umum endotrakeal, yang dilakukan penelitian secara prospektif dengan melakukan uji klinis rancangan acak lengkap terkontrol buta ganda (double blind randomized controlled trial) di Central Operating Theatre (COT) Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada April-Juli 2009. Pasien secara ancak dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan 25 subjek tiap kelompok, kelompok I, diberikan ketamin 0,5 mg/kgBB dalam NaCl 0,9% 30 mL; kelompok II, NaCl 0,9% sebanyak 30 mL. Pasien diminta untuk berkumur dengan cairan ini selama 30 detik, 5 menit sebelum induksi. POST dinilai pada jam T0, T2, T4, dan T24 setelah operasi dengan 4 skala (0-3). Kejadian POST lebih sering terjadi pada kelompok II dibandingkan dengan kelompok I pada T0, T2 dan T4 dan kelompok II secara signifikan lebih berat menderita POST dibandingkan dengan kelompok I (p<0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ketamin kumur mengurangi kejadian dan derajat POST. Kata kunci: Intubasi, ketamin kumur, post operative sore throat (POST) Ketamine Gargle to Reducing Post Operative Sore Throat (POST) Following Intubation AbstractTracheal intubation is a foremost cause of trauma to the airway mucosa, resulting in post operative sore throat (POST) with reported incidences of 6-50%. We compared the effectiveness of ketamine gargles compared to placebo in preventing POST after endotracheal general anesthesia. One of the POST preventions by using ketamine gargle before induction, because ketamine has anti-nociceptive and anti-inflamatory properties Fifty, ASA I-II, patients undergoing elective surgery for gynecologic under general anaesthesia endotracheal were enrolled in a double blind randomized controlled trial study at Central Operating Theatre (COT) Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during April-June 2009. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 25 subjects each: Group I, receiving ketamine 0.5 mg/kgBW in saline 30 mL; Group II, receiving saline 30 mL. Patients were asked to gargle this mixture for 30 seconds, 5 minutes before induction of anaesthesia.POST was graded at 0, 2, 4, and 24 h after operation on a four-point scale (0-3). POST occurred more frequently in Group II, when compared with Group I, at 0, 2, and 4 h and significantly more patients suffered POST in Group II compared with Group I (p<0.05). The conclusions of this study revealed that ketamine gargles reduces the incidence and degree of POST.
AbstrakTeknik anestesi spinal atau anestesi umum pada seksio sesarea menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah berbeda, demikian pula nilai APGAR bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kejadian hipotensi, nilai APGAR 1 menit dan 5 menit antara tindakan anestesi spinal dan anestesi umum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara randomized cross sectional pada 70 pasien di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada FebruariMaret 2011. Setelah dilakukan randomisasi, pasien dibagi dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok I (anestesi spinal) dan kelompok II (anestesi umum). Data kejadian hipotensi dianalisis dengan uji chi-kuadrat, untuk nilai APGAR menggunakan Uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian hipotensi 57,1% pada kelompok anestesi spinal, sedangkan kelompok anestesi umum hanya 5,7% (p<0,001). Nilai APGAR ratarata 1 menit pada kelompok anestesi spinal 8, sedangkan pada kelompok anestesi umum 7,06. Berdasarkan Uji Mann Whitney didapatkan p<0,001. Nilai APGAR rata-rata 5 menit pada kelompok anestesi spinal 9,71, sedangkan pada kelompok anestesi umum 9,31 (p=0,015). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah angka kejadian hipotensi lebih tinggi pada anestesi spinal daripada anestesi umum. Nilai APGAR bayi 1 menit dan 5 menit lebih tinggi pada anestesi spinal dibandingkan dengan anestesi umum.Kata kunci: Anestesi spinal, anestesi umum, hipotensi, nilai APGAR, seksio sesarea Comparison of Spinal Anesthesia and General Anesthesia Effects on Hypotension and APGAR Scoring Values of Caesarean Section Babies AbstractSpinal anesthesia and general anesthesia techniques in cesarean section lead to different decreased blood pressure and APGAR score. The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in hypotension as well as, 1 minute and 5 minutes APGAR scores in spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia. A randomized cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during the period of February to March 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: group I (spinal anesthesia) and group II (general anesthesia). The data on hypotension was analyzed with chi square test while, the APGAR scores were analyzed using Mann Whitney test. The results of the study showed that there were 57.1% cases of hypotension in the spinal anesthesia group whereas the percentage in the group of general anesthesia group was only 5.7% (p<0.001). The mean for1 minute APGAR score in the spinal anesthesia group was 8 whereas the general anesthesia group gave 7.06. The Mann Whitney showed that p<0.001. The mean for 5 minute APGAR score or the spinal anesthesia group was 9.71, where as the mean for the general anesthesia group was 9.31 with the. Mann Whitney test result of p=0.015. The conclusion of this study is the hypotension incidence is higher in spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia. The 1 minute and 5 minute APGAR scores are higher for spinal anesthesia compared to general anesthesia.
AbstrakPenyebaran obat anestesi lokal pada anestesi spinal sangat ditentukan oleh barisitas obat anestesi lokal dan posisi pasien. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan anestesi spinal menggunakan bupivakain 0,5% isobarik hiperbarik terhadap lama kerja blokade sensoris dan tinggi blokade sensoris pada operasi abdomen bagian bawah. Penelitian eksperimental secara randomized control trial (RCT) pada 40 pasien dengan status fisik ASA I-II, usia 17-60 tahun yang menjalani operasi abdomen bagian bawah di ruang operasi bedah sentral Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Januari sampai April 2011. Pasien dibagi dalam kelompok isobarik dan kelompok hiperbarik. Tinggi blokade sensoris, lama kerja blokade sensoris dicatat dan dilakukan uji statistik dengan student t-test, chi-kuadrat. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan lama kerja blokade sensoris pada kelompok isobarik lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan kelompok hiperbarik (242,4 menit SB 28,04 vs 132,95 menit SB 11,33) dengan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,001). Tinggi blokade sensoris pada kelompok isobarik lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bupivakain kelompok hiperbarik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bupivakain isobarik mempunyai penyebaran lebih rendah dan lama kerja lebih panjang.Kata kunci: Abdomen bagian bawah, analgesia spinal, barisitas ,bupivakain, obat anestesi lokal, teknik anestesi Effectivity of Spinal Anaesthesia Using Isobaric Bupivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine on Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgery AbstractDistribution of local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia is most determined by baricity and position. The study was conducted to explore the comparison of effect between spinal anesthesia technique using 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine on duration and level of sensory blocking action in lower abdominal surgery. This experimental study was conducted using randomized control trial (RCT) in 40 patients with physical ASA I-II status, aged 17-60 years, who underwent lower abdominal surgery in central operating theatre Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital-Bandung within January to April 2011. The patients were divided into two groups, the hyperbaric group and the isobaric group. The recording included sensory blocking level, sensory blocking duration, and statistical analysis using Student t-test and chi-square test. . Sensory blocking levels in isobaric group were lower than those in hyperbaric group. The conlusion of the study indicates that isobaric bupivacaine has lesser distribution and longer duration of action.
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