Distribution of Trematodes ItroductionParasitic diseases area problem hindering the further development of fi shery, the growth of the fi sh farms output, quality improvement, and the economic effi ciency of the industry. It is vital to keep looking for new ways to achieve eff ective control over dangerous fi sh parasitic diseases. As part of this process, it is important to study parasites´ biology, their distribution, pathogenesis and course of disease in fi sh (Kurochkin, 1996).It is known, that parasite has the most impact on a host when settling directly in host´s tissues. In such cases, the acutest negative eff ect on homoeostasisof the host organism is due to mechanical tissue damage, metabolism and immune system disruption, and oft en accompanied by high morbidity and mortality (Sudarikov, 2006). Metacercariae of Heterophyidae are a good example of this kind of parasitic impact. Th e genus Cryptocotyle consists of 8 species:

The article describes occurrence and distribution of Eustrongylides trematodes in fish in the waters of the Dnipro-Buh estuary and the delta of Dnipro River in Mykolaiv and Kherson Region. Study was conducted in 2015–2016. This parasite was found in natural water reservoirs in Mykolaiv and Kherson region in following fish species: Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758), Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Esox lucius (Linnaeus, 1758). Ichtyopathological investigation of 346 fishes was conducted. Parasites were observed in abdominal cavity, muscle tissue, wall of gastro-intestinal tract, gonads and hepatopancreas. P. fluviatilis was the most affected species, prevalence of infection was 85.1 %. Less infected were S. lucioperca and E. lucius, with the prevalence of infection 58.1 % and 58.9 % respectively. Mean prevalence of infection of predatory fish in studied reservoirs was 70.5 %. The intensity of infection was the highest in perch (1–14 nematodes per fish). The lowest intensity of infection was found in pike-perch (1–9 nematodes per fish).

Summary Eustrongylides spp. are the nematodes from the Dioctophymatidae family which are potentially dangerous for the mammal’s heath. The first aim of the present research is to describe the biology, developmental characteristics and epizootology of the Eustrongylides spp. nematode. Eustrongylidosis is a parasitic disease commonly occurring in the countries with temperate continental, tropical and subtropical climate. The Eustrongylides spp. parasites are biohelmints with a complex life cycle. The development of the nematodes takes place in the aquatic environment and includes a vast range of intermediate, accidental and definitive hosts. It has also been reported in humans. The second aim of the research is to describe the clinical and pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues of the infected animals, and influence of biotic and abiotic factors on formation of the natural centers of spreading of eustrongylidosis; diagnostics of eustrongylidosis.

No abstract

Background: This study assessed gene polymorphisms of the CD14 receptor (C-159T) and Toll-like receptor 4 (Asp299Gly) in a patient population in Crimea, Ukraine, stratified by clinical (early versus late onset; frequent versus occasional relapses; fixed versus reversible obstruction) and immunologic (atopic versus nonatopic; eosinophilic; neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic inflammation) subtype. Methods: Two polymorphisms, CD14 C-159T and TLR4 Asp299Gly, were assessed in 331 patients with asthma. The control group included 285 volunteers who were nonatopic. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were studied by using polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection. Results: There were increased odds of asthma development in patients with the Asp299Gly TLR4 mutation compared with the general population underdominant odds ratio (OR) 1.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00‐2.32] and overdominant (OR 1.55 [95% CI, 1.01‐2.38]) models after adjustment for gender and age. In addition, mutations in this gene decreased the odds of nonatopic asthma in underdominant (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.027), overdominant (OR 0.27 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.96]; p = 0.033), and log-additive models (OR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07‐0.93]; p = 0.026) compared with the atopic subgroup after adjustment for gender, age, number of exacerbations, and type of airway inflammation. Allele frequencies for CD14 and TLR4 polymorphisms did not show statistical differences between the patients with asthma and the control subjects. Conclusion: CD14 C-159T polymorphisms were not associated with asthma in the adult population in Crimea. TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphisms were associated with asthma and with decreased odds of nonatopic asthma compared with atopic asthma in the adult population in Crimea.