The formation of organochlorine compounds in drinking water in the water supply system chlorination process was studied. The dynamic pattern of chloroform concentration in drinking water in a water treatment facility over a year is provided. Cancer health risk for the population of using drinking water is calculated. A greater speed of organochlorine compound formation in comparison with the rising concentration of residual chlorine associated with a bigger dose of chlorine agent was documented. The influence of such factors as pH medium, permanganate oxidizability, chlorine absorbing capacity, temperature and residual chlorine concentration on the concentration of chloroform in drinking water was experimentally established. A neural network model that predicts the chloroform concentration in drinking chlorine treated water was used. The chlorine agent dosage control organization chart was proposed on the basis of fuzzy logic that can be used in design of water-supply systems taking into account the health risks for the population.

No abstract

Introduction. The problem of providing the population with drinking water with guaranteed quality, safety, and physiological usefulness is highly relevant for many regions of Russia. The use of chlorination for disinfection of the water is a potential cause of the formation of excess concentrations of organochlorine compounds in it, including trihalogenomethanes, which leads to elevated levels of carcinogenic risk. The study’s object was: data on the content in water of centralized water supply systems of carcinogenic organochlorine compounds - chloroform, dichlorobromomethane and chlorodibromomethane. Material and methods. information on the incidence of the population of malignant neoplasms; the results of an experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the preliminary ammonization method. The paper used methods of health risk assessment, variation statistics, and mathematical modeling. Results. The use of preliminary ammonization in Taganrog prevents the formation of trihalogenomethanes and ensures the maintenance of an individual multi-route carcinogenic risk at an acceptable level (9.933 · 10-6). Systematic unreasonable hyper chlorination of river water without prior ammoniation is the main reason for the excess content of chlororganic compounds and the high level of individual carcinogenic risk in the Primorsky rural settlement of the Neklinovsky District - up to 3.234 · 10-3 in 2015. Modeling on the basis of experimental chlorination of natural water indicates the high efficiency of preliminary ammonization in the disinfection mode, which ensures the content of free total active chlorine in tap water in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 mg/l. Conclusion. The high efficiency of the application of preliminary ammonization of natural water to prevent the formation of trihalogenomethanes and reduce carcinogenic risk has been confirmed. The priority factor for the formation of excess amounts of organochlorine compounds in drinking water is its hyper chlorination. Promising measures to reduce the carcinogenic risk of trihalogenomethanes in tap water include the systematic monitoring of their content, the use of preliminary ammonization, the exact dosage of chlorine, the deep purification of the source water before chlorination, the replacement of primary chlorination with ultraviolet disinfection, and others.

Защита здоровья человека от канцерогенных рисков, а также обеспечение эффективности систем водоснабжения являются важной задачей на сегодняшний день. В связи с этим в данной работе рассмотрены вопросы применения метода контроля качества питьевой воды на базе нейросетевых технологий и методов искусственного интеллекта. В основу предложенного метода положен алгоритм нечеткого вывода Мамдани. Предложены параметры качества воды, применяемые в качестве лингвистических переменных алгоритма нечеткого вывода. Данный метод реализуется интеллектуальной информационно-измерительной и управляющей системой контроля дозирования хлорагента и содержания хлороформа на станциях водоподготовки в режиме реального времени. Разработка системы осуществлялась с использованием программного комплекса MatLab, а именно пакета нечеткого моделирования Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. Разработана структура интеллектуальной информационно-измерительной и управляющей системы. Построение информационно-измерительной системы дозирования хлорагента основывалось на принципах минимизации риска для здоровья населения. Сделаны выводы, позволяющие оценить влияние разработанной системы на повышение качества питьевой воды. Апробация работы системы позволила отразить эффективность ее применения: снижение избыточного хлорирования и канцерогенного риска образования побочных продуктов обеззараживания питьевой воды относительно применяемых на данный момент на типовых станциях водоподготовки систем контроля.

No abstract