Objectives: It is known that professional occupation affects the heart rate variability (HRV). However, most studies have not taken into account seasonal features of the HRV. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the HRV differences in winter and in summer in the case of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM) workers and scientific workers from the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Material and Methods: The short-term HRV was examined for 13 EMERCOM workers and 13 scientific workers. The data was collected in winter (December) and summer (July) for the same groups of workers. The time domain and frequency domain HRV analyses were performed. The EMERCOM workers had more contact with the external environment than the scientific workers. Results: The two-way analysis of variance with repeated observations on a single factor has shown that "Season" and interaction of two factors "Season" and "Profession" significantly influenced the HRV among volunteers. The "Profession" factor did not influence the HRV parameters (except for the heart rate in winter, p = 0.042). Seasonal changes in the HRV parameters were not significant in the case of scientific workers. In contrast, the EMERCOM workers showed significantly decreased parameters of parasympathetic activity (the root-mean-square of successive differences in RR intervals, percentage of consecutive RR intervals differing by > 50 ms and the relative value high frequency power, p = 0.001, p = 0.014 and p = 0.009, respectively) and increased parameters of sympathetic activity (the stress index and ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power, p = 0.012 and p = 0.006, respectively) in winter as compared to summer. Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that, unlike the scientific workers, the EMERCOM workers showed significant changes in the HRV in contrasting seasons (winter and summer). A season of a year should be considered when assessing the HRV among workers of various professions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(5):793-800

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During the Project "Mars-500" in months-long examination, 17 residents of Syktyvkar and 18 residents of Magadan were examined. A number of common morphological and physiological methods of study and the hardware and software complex "Ecosan-2007" were used. It has been established that the highest tension in hemodynamics reaction was characteristic of the residents of Magadan living in more extreme climatic conditions and, to a greater degree, it was more pronounced in winter (increased systolic BP and total peripheric vascular resistance) along with formation of a correlated structure of these indices. The peak tension of functional state in the residents of Syktyvkar was observed in summer and was characterized by the increased heartbeat, diastolic BP, the decreased heart rate, display of dysadaptation, increasing centralization between parameters of hemodynamics and the heart rate. Seasonal dynamics of morphofunctional indices was more pronounced in the residents of Syktyvkar.

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The aim of the work is to assess physical health of female students living in the North of Russia and the effectiveness of vitaminization. Materials and Methods. The study involved 58 second-year medical students living in Syktyvkar (62º N latitude), aged 18–24. Anthropometric, physiometric and functional parameters were determined using generally accepted methods. A short-term exercise test was used to assess students’ physical health. The results were statistically processed using the Statistica 6.0 and Biostat 4.03 software. Results. Students living in the North lag behind the mid-latitude standards in a number of parameters: body weight, hand strength and strength index, pulmonary capacity, timed expiratory capacity (Genchi test), Skibinskaya cardiorespiratory index and physical health level according to Apanasenko. A sharp slowdown in the heart rate recovery after physical exertion is recorded in female students living in the North of Russia. In some parameters, they are also inferior to the students of the Syktyvkar Medical College, the biology students of the Syktyvkar State University, the teenage schoolgirls of Syktyvkar and medical students from Tomsk. There are several possible reasons for such differences (increased training loads under pronounced hypodynamia, latitudinal factor). On the basis of the results obtained, the authors recommended female students to increase their physical activity, improve nutrition, take vitamins, improve timetable, adhere to a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion. Anthropometric, physiometric and functional parameters in female medical students from Syktyvkar indicate insufficient training of the respiratory and circulatory systems and a low level of physical health. A monthly course with a complex vitamin and mineral drug "Multivit-vitabalans" showed a general health-improving effect on the physical health, increased the tolerance of hypoxemia according to the Genchi test, had a hypotensive effect and improved the circulatory control mechanisms under short-term physical exertion. Key words: North, medical students, anthropometric parameters, physiometric parameters, physiological parameters, physical health. Цель работы – оценить физическое здоровье студенток-северянок и эффективность их витаминизации. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 58 студенток 2-го курса медицинского вуза г. Сыктывкара (62º с.ш.) в возрасте 18–24 лет. Общепринятыми методами определялись антропометрические, физиометрические и функциональные показатели, также применялся тест с кратковременной физической нагрузкой для оценки уровня физического здоровья. Статистическую обработку полученных результатов проводили с помощью программ Statistica 6.0 и Biostat 4.03. Результаты. По ряду показателей: масса тела, сила кисти и силовой индекс, жизненная емкость легких и жизненный индекс, задержка дыхания на выдохе (проба Генчи), кардиореспираторный индекс Скибинской и уровень физического здоровья по Апанасенко – у студенток-северянок отмечается отставание от среднеширотных нормативов. У студенток-северянок фиксируется резкое замедление восстановления частоты сердечных сокращений после физической нагрузки. По ряду показателей они также уступают студенткам Сыктывкарского медицинского колледжа, студенткам-биологам Сыктывкарского государственного университета, школьницам-подросткам сыктывкарской школы и студенткам-медикам из Томска. Обсуждаются возможные причины обнаруженных различий (повышенные учебные нагрузки на фоне более выраженной гиподинамии, широтный фактор). На основании проведенных исследований даны рекомендации по повышению физической активности студентов, улучшению питания, периодической витаминизации, рационализации расписания занятий, активизации пропаганды здорового образа жизни. Выводы. Антропометрические, физиометрические и функциональные показатели у студенток-медиков г. Сыктывкара свидетельствуют о недостаточной тренированности систем дыхания и кровообращения и невысоком уровне физического здоровья. Месячный курс витаминизации комплексным витаминно-минеральным препаратом «Мультивит-витабаланс» показал общеоздоровительный эффект в отношении уровня физического здоровья, увеличил переносимость гипоксемии по данным пробы Генчи, оказал гипотензивное действие и повлиял на совершенствование механизмов регуляции кровообращения при кратковременной физической нагрузке. Ключевые слова: Север, студентки-медики, антропометрические показатели, физиометрические показатели, физиологические показатели, физическое здоровье.