Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase-5 (SAP5) or candidapepsin-5 is known as the current and major virulence factor in the biofilm formation of Candida albicans. The protein is secreted into the environment to disrupt the host immune cells and degrade keratin then penetrating the host defense to express its pathogenicity. SAPs has been targeted for many studies including in vitro test and in silico analysis of potential inhibitory agents. In the current study, we tested six selected compounds in the aqueous extract of Allium chinense G. Don. namely 1-tetradecanol, anozol, hyacinthin, isosorbide, mannitan and oleic acid for in silico analysis along with pepstatin A as the most potent inhibitor or control. The results obtained that oleic acid displayed the most stable bonding with the SAP5 based on molecular docking, visualization and data analysis although slightly lower than anozol in terms of binding affinity. Oleic acid also produced the most similar number of binding residues with pepstatin A based on 2D feature with also similar region in the pocket of SAP5 based on 3D visualization. Hence, the compound may be potentially developed as leading compound in treating C. albicans infections.

Bioprospecting study of indigenous microbial community is still being approached especially for some microbial strains in bioremediation aspect. The objective of this study was to obtain a collection of indigenous bacterial and fungal isolates capable of growing on hydrocarbon medium. Soil samples were collected from Terjun Landfill located in Medan City, North Sumatra. Mineral salt agar medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) of hydrocarbon sources (diesel oil, pesticide, dye wastewater) was used to screen the microbial capacity in utilizing the hydrocarbon compounds as sole carbon source. Each isolate was categorized based on their growth performance or colony diameter on agar medium namely none (-), slow (+), moderate (++), and rapid (+++). The results obtained a total of 27 bacterial isolates and 6 fungal isolates. Majority of microbial isolates showed a better growth on pesticide medium than in diesel oil and dye wastewater which indicated their capability in converting the pesticide as nutrient. It is worthwhile to investigate the further application of our indigenous strains in contaminated areas in order to ensure the environmental sustainability.